Mustaqil ishlar ro’yhati

Punch Cards and Printers (Late 19th to Mid-20th Century):
In the late 19th century, punch cards were used to control the operation of automated machines, including early computers.
In the mid-20th century, punch card systems were prevalent for inputting data into early computers and programming. Machines like the IBM 80-column punched card system were crucial in this era.
Printers, particularly line printers, were developed to produce hard copies of data processed by early computers.
Teleprinters and Terminals (Mid-20th Century):
Teleprinters, also known as Teletypes or TTYs, were early electromechanical typewriters that allowed for direct input and output between users and computers.
Terminals emerged as a means of interacting with mainframe computers, providing a screen-based interface for input and output.
Mice and Keyboards (1960s and 1970s):
The computer mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart in the 1960s and later popularized by Xerox PARC and Apple in the 1970s.
Keyboards, adapted from traditional typewriter keyboards, became a standard input device for computers during the same era.
Monitors (Mid-20th Century):
Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors were among the earliest display devices used in computers, providing visual output for users.
The transition from monochrome to color displays occurred in the 1970s and 1980s, improving the user interface and graphics capabilities.
Disk Drives and Storage (1950s and Onward):
Magnetic tape drives were among the earliest storage devices, followed by the development of hard disk drives (HDDs) and floppy disk drives (FDDs) in the 1950s and 1960s.
The advent of the personal computer in the 1980s saw the rise of floppy disks and later, compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), and USB flash drives.
Scanners and Imaging Devices (1980s and 1990s):
Scanners were developed to convert physical documents and images into digital format, enabling easy storage, editing, and sharing of information.
Digital cameras also emerged as peripherals, allowing users to capture and store digital images directly onto computers.