9. USB Flash Drive
Also called a thumb drive, gig stick, flash stick, pen drive, USB stick, jump drive, flash drive, memory stick, or USB memory, the USB flash drive is a data storage device that consists of flash memory with an integrated USB interface. Small and light, USB storage drives are usually removable and rewritable.
Since their appearance in the year 2000, these storage devices have gradually increased their storage capacity while falling in price. They are commonly used for transporting and transferring information and are durable, thanks to a lack of moving parts.
10. External Hard Drive
External hard drives are input/output storage devices that usually connect to a computer via USB. They hold relatively large amounts of data and plug and play drive functionality enables them to be easily used with a variety of different computers.
There are two categories of external hard drives: portable and desktop. Portable external drives are more compact, usually powered by USB and designed for transportation, whereas the desktop version is usually larger and needs external power bricks for power.
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
Video-conferencing: - How video conferencing works
- The video conferencing process can be split into two steps: compression and transfer.
- During compression, the camera and microphone capture analog audiovisual (AV) input. The data collected is in the form of continuous waves of frequencies and amplitudes. These represent the captured sounds, colors, brightness, depth and shades. Once captured, codecs convert data into digital packets, typically with compression to minimize bandwidth usage.
- During the transfer phase, packets are sent over the network, typically to the cloud service provider, which then transmits them to other conference participants (and combines voice and video from multiple participants).
- Once packets reach the endpoint, the codecs decompress the data. The codecs convert it back into analog audio and video. This enables the receiving screen and speakers to correctly view and hear the AV data.
- Components of video conferencing systems
- The components of a video conferencing system include the following:
- A network for data transfer, such as wired/wireless local area network, wide area network, cellular wireless and residential broadband.
- Two or more video cameras or webcams that provide video input.
- Two or more microphones -- either an external microphone or one built into the accessing device.
- A computer screen, monitor, TV or projector that can broadcast video output.
- Headphones, laptop speakers or external speakers that can be used for audio output.
- Codecs, which can be hardware- or software-based, to reduce bandwidth by compressing and decompressing AV data. They typically include acoustic echo cancellation capabilities, which reduce audio delays to support real-time communication. Codecs may also include features like noise cancellation and acoustic fencing to minimize background noise during conferences.
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