Neutral words
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Jargonisms may be grouped into two large subdivisions: social jargonisms and professional jargonisms.
Social jargonisms are non-standard words used by people of a certain social group to conceal the meaning of words and to keep their intercourse secret. It is a sort of secret code made up either of ordinary words invested with a special meaning or distorted words, e.g., How long did they cook you? (=investigate). There are jargons of criminals, convicts, gamblers, vagabonds (бродяга), souteneurs, prostitutes, drug addicts and the like. The use of jargon conveys the suggestion that the speaker and the listener enjoy a special "fraternity" which is closed for outsiders, because outsiders do not understand the secret language. Here are some words from American and Russian drug takers' jargon: white stuff = cocaine or morphine; candy = cocaine; snifter = a cocaine addict; boxed, spaced out, bombed, junked up or charged up = being affected by drugs; candy man = drug seller; cap = a capsule with a narcotic; jab-off = an injection of a narcotic; pin-shot - an injection of a drug made with a safety pin and an eye-dropper instead of a hypodermic needle; mainliner = a drug addict who takes his narcotics by intravenous injection; ширнуться = ввести наркотик внутривенно; раскумаритъся = принять наркотик в период ломк и, ломка = постнаркотическое состояние у наркоманов, которое характеризуется физическими страдан иями. Social contradictions of our life gave rise to such word combinations as "отмазать от суда", "закосить от армии". Eventually, some Jargonisms pass into standard speech. This is the case with the Russian word "беспредел" which penetrated into Standard Russian from prison jargon due to its expressiveness and topicality of meaning. Eric Partridge, an authority on the subject, identifies a number of reasons for the creation and use of jargon. In his opinion, people resort to jargon to be different, startling, or original; to display one's membership of a group; to be secretive or to exclude others; to enrich the stock of language; to establish a friendly rapport with others; to be irreverent or humorous. Download 481.98 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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