particular characteristics of diverse natural resources
and ecosystems they are part of, and the number,
interests and strategies of related agents. For instance,
persistence of serious eco-problems and risks is an
indicator that effective system of eco-management is
not put in place. Therefore, trends, factors, problems,
and risks associated with natural environment and its
individual elements are to be identified. Modern science
offers quite precise methods to assess the state of
environment, and detect existing, emerging and likely
challenges -
environmental changes, degradations,
destructions and depletion of natural resources, eco-
risks etc. (MEA).
What is more, science offers reliable instru-
ments to estimate agricultural contribution to and impact
on the state of environment and its different
components, including different spatial and temporal
scales. For instance, there are widespread applications
of numerous eco-indicators for pressure, state, respond,
and impact as well as for integral assessment of
agrarian environmental sustainability (FAÓ).
The lack of serious eco-problems, conflicts and
risks is an indicator that there is effective system for eco-
management, and therefore there is no need for
changing public strategy for natural resources conser-
vation. However, usually there are significant or growing
eco-problems and risks associated with agriculture in
developed and developing countries alike.
Most assessments include only direct,
production (eco-recovery, eco-maintenance, eco-
enhancement), or program (international assistance,
taxpayer) costs. Analysis is to include all (social) costs
associated with different forms of eco-management –
private,
third-party, public, current, long-term, produ-
ction, transaction etc. In addition to proper individual
and third-party production (technological, agronomic,
ecological etc.) costs, eco-management is usually
associated with significant transaction (governance)
costs.
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