3.3 Monitoring Marine Protected Areas
While global coverage of MPAs has been increasing over the past two decades (reaching 11
million square kilometres worldwide), further efforts are required to meet the target under
the Sustainable Development Goals and to ensure they are effectively monitored.
AIS and VMS allow for the implementation of strict sailing areas inside MPAs and artificial
intelligence can help track suspicious behaviour in sailing patterns, as discussed above.
Operating costs of surveillance is often an issue when monitoring MPA. Operating costs can
be reduced by using drone surveillance in some selected marine areas.
All these data can be centralised throughout the FMC that connects and analyses data
collected via the above technologies. The use of new technologies to monitor MPAs has been
considered in correlation to traditional use of vessels like in Mauritania for the Arguin Bank.
Nevertheless, the error or the spoofing of AIS messages can have a negative impact on the
implementation and lead to false signals to fisheries management authorities when
monitoring MPA.
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