AIS provide an opportunity for fisheries management and enforcement as many countries
now require AIS for safety and to reduce costs. An AIS message primarily delivers security
and safety data (e.g. a vessel’s position relative to other vessels near or in relation to the
nearest ground station) as well as information about the crew. Associated with a VMS and
radar, these technologies can identity a vessel (if it is fishing in a forbidden zone) without
giving away its position. VMS delivers 4 major data: latitude, longitude, Speed and direction
as the AIS. Additionally, the AIS provides speed in relation to the bottom of the sea. When
used together, they can detect whether the vessel is fishing (slowing down to 1 or 2 nautical
miles per hour) in a specific area or in transit (moving at 7 to 8 nautical miles per hour). In
addition, Radar-Sat monitoring can be used to retrace the trajectory of a ship and look for
evidence of illegal trans-shipment, which may be confirmed by AIS or VMS data.
10
https://www.havochvatten.se/en/swam/eu--international/international-cooperation/union-vms/about-
union-vms.html
11
See https://ec.europa.eu/info/european-commissions-open-source-strategy_en#softwarestrategy Open-
Source Software Strategy 2014-2017: “For the internal development of new information systems, in particular
where deployment is foreseen by third parties outside the EC infrastructure, OSS shall be the preferred choice
and used whenever possible”.
10
AIS information is a critical tool for coast guards to enhance Maritime Domain Awareness
(MDA) in support of all Coast Guard missions. Since May 2014, countries have authorised the
use of AIS data and in the EU, AIS applies to all vessels above 15 metres in length.
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