54
Functions of the Participle I
The Participle I
has the following syntactical functions:
1. A predicative
Participle
I is used after link-verbs; it is usually rendered into Russian
by an adjective.
E.g.
1. The
story is really very exciting.
2. The effect of her words was
terrifying (
Впечатление, произведенное
ее словами, было страшно).
3. The dog lay
sleeping under the tree.
2. Parenthesis (to introduce a new idea): generally speaking, strictly
speaking, granting it to be true, judging by..., cutting a long story short,
putting it mildly, taking everything into consideration, etc.
E.g.
1.
Roughly speaking, the number of birds on this island exceeds one
million.
2.
Cutting a long story short, he is a liar.
3. An attribute
It can preceed the noun it modifies and follow it.
E.g.
1. The
falling leaves made me think about the
coming autumn.
2. Everybody looked at the
dancing girl.
3. We admired the stars
twinkling in the sky.
4. An adverbial modifier of:
a)
time (with conjunctions: when, while)
E.g.
1.
Seeing him on the
other side of the street, I called him.
2.
Having sent the invitation I felt a sense of relief.
3. Be
careful while crossing the street.
b)
reason (cause)
E.g.
1.
Feeling more at ease the man spoke in a louder voice.
