O 3 Ina V. S. Mullis Michael O. Martin, Matthias von Davier, Editors timss 2023 Assessment Frameworks

TIMSS & PIRLS
Lynch School of Education
International Study Center
TIMSS 2023 CONTEXT QUESTIONNAIRE FRAMEWORK 
61
TIMSS collects information on countries’ coverage of the mathematics and science topics articulated in 
the TIMSS 2023 Mathematics Framework and TIMSS 2023 Science Framework, as well as any curricular 
specifications or mandates for incorporation of technology into instruction. Such information is essential 
for contextualizing the performance of each country’s students on the TIMSS assessment.

---

TIMSS & PIRLS
Lynch School of Education
International Study Center
TIMSS 2023 CONTEXT QUESTIONNAIRE FRAMEWORK 
62
References
1 Martin, M.O., Mullis, I.V.S., Foy, P., & Arora, A. (2012). Creating and interpreting the TIMSS and PIRLS 2011 
context questionnaire scales. In M.O. Martin & I.V.S. Mullis (Eds.), Methods and Procedures in TIMSS and 
PIRLS 2011 (pp. 1-11). Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
2 Muraki, E. (1992). A generalized partial credit model: Application of EM algorithm. Applied Psychological 
Measurement, 16, 159-176.
3 Dahl, G.B., & Lochner, L. (2012). The impact of family income on child achievement: Evidence from the earned 
income tax credit. American Economic Review, 102(5), 1927–1956.
4 Davis-Kean, P.E. (2005). The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: the 
indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(2), 294-304.
5 Sirin, S.R. (2005). Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research. Review 
of Educational Research, 75(3), 417–453.
6 Chmielewski, A.K. (2019). The global increase in the socioeconomic achievement gap, 1964 to 2015. American 
Sociological Review, 84(3), 517-544.
7 Kim, S., Cho, H., & Kim. (2019). Socioeconomic status and academic outcomes in developing countries: a meta-
analysis. Review of Educational Research, 89(6), 875-916.
8 Entorf, H., & Minoiu, N. (2005). What a difference immigration policy makes: A comparison of PISA scores in 
Europe and traditional countries of immigration. German Economic Review, 6(3), 355–376.
9 Robertson, S. & Graven, M. (2019). Language as an including or excluding factor in mathematics teaching and 
learning. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 32, 77-101.
10 Taylor, L.C., Clayton, J.D., & Rowley, S.J. (2004). Academic socialization: Understanding parental influences on 
children’s school-related development in the early years. Review of General Psychology, 8(3), 163–178.
11 Centurino, V.A.S. (2021). Using TIMSS to examine parental influences on fourth grade students’ science 
achievement and attitudes toward learning and doing science [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Boston 
College.
12 Hill, N.E., & Tyson, D.F. (2009). Parental involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic assessment of the 
strategies that promote achievement. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 740–763.
13 Hong, S., & Ho, H.–Z. (2005). Direct and indirect longitudinal effects of parental involvement on student 
achievement: Second-order latent growth modeling across ethnic groups. Journal of Educational Psychology, 
97(1), 32–42.
14 Pinquart, M. & Ebeling, M. (2020). Parental educational expectations and academic achievement in children 
and adolescents—a meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 32, 463-480.
15 Gustafsson, J.-E., Hansen, K.Y., & Rosén, M. (2013). Effects of home background on student achievement in 
reading, mathematics, and science at the fourth grade. In M.O. Martin & I.V.S. Mullis (Eds.), TIMSS and PIRLS 
2011: Relationships among reading, mathematics, and science achievement at the fourth grade—Implications for 
early learning (pp. 181–287). Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
16 Duncan, G.J., Dowsett, C.J., Claessens, A., Magnuson, K., Huston, A.C., Klebanov, P., Pagani, L.S., Feinstein, 
L., Engel, M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Sexton, H., Duckworth, K., & Japel, C. (2007). School readiness and later 
achievement. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1428-1446.

---