O 3 Ina V. S. Mullis Michael O. Martin, Matthias von Davier, Editors timss 2023 Assessment Frameworks
Cognitive Domains at the Fourth and Eighth Grades
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T23 Frameworks
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- TIMSS PIRLS Lynch School of Education International Study Center TIMSS 2023 SCIENCE FRAMEWORK 21 Cognitive Domains Percentages
Cognitive Domains at the Fourth and Eighth Grades
Fourth Grade Content Domains Percentages Life Science 45% Physical Science 35% Earth Science 20% Eighth Grade Content Domains Percentages Biology 35% Chemistry 20% Physics 25% Earth Science 20% TIMSS & PIRLS Lynch School of Education International Study Center TIMSS 2023 SCIENCE FRAMEWORK 21 Cognitive Domains Percentages Fourth Grade Eighth Grade Knowing 40% 35% Applying 40% 35% Reasoning 20% 30% The content domains differ for the fourth and eighth grades, reflecting the nature and difficulty of the science taught at each grade. There is more emphasis at the fourth grade on life science than its counterpart, biology, at the eighth grade. At the eighth grade, physics and chemistry are assessed as separate content domains and receive more emphasis than at fourth grade, where they are assessed as one content domain (physical science). The Earth science content domain has the same level of emphasis at both grades, but the objectives at the eighth grade are more sophisticated than at the fourth grade. The three cognitive domains (knowing, applying, and reasoning) are the same at both grades, encompassing the range of cognitive processes involved in learning science concepts, and then applying these concepts and reasoning with them. In 2023, TIMSS Science also will assess key science practices. These practices include skills from daily life and school studies that students use in a systematic way to conduct scientific inquiry and investigation and that are fundamental to all science disciplines. Increasing emphasis has been placed on science practices and science inquiry in many countries’ current science curricula, standards, and frameworks. 2 Facility with science practices is essential for students to learn and understand science concepts and to understand and appreciate the nature of science and scientific knowledge. The practice of science is, by its very nature, strongly connected to the area of science under study and, therefore, cannot be assessed in isolation. Some items in the TIMSS 2023 science assessment at both the fourth and eighth grades will assess one or more of these important science practices together with content specified in the content domains and thinking processes specified in the cognitive domains. The science practices will primarily be assessed through the science PSIs, however. In the PSIs, students conduct extended investigations and inquiries in a science content area and in doing so engage in one or more of the science practices. The next two sections of this chapter present the TIMSS 2023 science content domains for fourth and eighth grades, followed by a description of the cognitive domains, which are applicable to both grades. The chapter concludes with a description of the science practices. Science Content Domains—Fourth Grade Three major content domains define the science content for the TIMSS Science fourth grade assessment: life science, physical science, and Earth science. Exhibit 2.2 shows the target percentages of testing time for each of the three content domains in the TIMSS 2023 Science assessment. |
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