Of adverbs in english and uzbek

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
OF ADVERBS IN
ENGLISH AND UZBEK
Done by: Izbosarova N.O.
Linguistics English group 7
Checked by: Po’larova R.R.
Adverbs describe verbs and modify adjectives and other adverbs. Adverbs, unlike adjectives, do not modify nouns. Adverbs can also modify phrases, clauses, and sentences. Adverbs answer one of the following questions: When? Where? Why? How? Under what conditions? and To what extent?
Example: The teacher had to speak loudly to be heard over the children. (Loudly modifies the verb speak.)
The children were really bad during the movie. (Really modifies the adjective bad.)
John approached the wounded dog very slowly. (Very modifies the adverb slowly.)
Clearly, Sarah did not understand the directions. (Clearly modifies the sentence.)
The box is still below the stairs. (Still modifies the phrase “below the stairs.”)
Uzbek Adverbs
Learning the Uzbek Adverbs is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Uzbek language. But first we need to know what the role of Adverbs is in the structure of the grammar in Uzbek.
Uzbek adverbs are part of speech. Generally they're words that modify any part of language other than a noun. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs.
In Uzbek language we add some words, such as bilan, tarzda to make adverbs from nouns and adjectives.
For example:
Sabr (pateince)---- sabr bilan (patiently)
----- He has enough patience to wait somebody.---- Unda kimnidir kutish uchun yetarlicha sabr bor.
----- He waited her patiently.--- U uni sabr bilan kutdi.
Avtomatik (automatic)- avtomatik tarzda (automatically)
----- I used automatic pen for signing the contract.---- Men shartnomani imzolash uchun avtomat ruchkadan foydalandim.
----- All answers are checked automatically.---- Barcha javoblar avtomatik tarzda tekshiriladi.
While in English language there are some irregular adverbs which are not formed by –ly to the adjective in Uzbek language there are the same as an adjective or adverb.
For example:
Good is an adjective in English and modifies a noun while”Well” is an adverb form of it which modifies verb and state.
-----He read a good book.
----- He read quite well today.
On the other hand this situation is also met in Uzbek language.
Grammar Tips: While in English adverbs are usually formed by adding (-ly) to adjectives, in Uzbek there’s no difference between adjective and adverb forms. We use one and the same word to describe both singns of the nouns and verbs. Examples:
Sekin (slow) becomes Sekin (slowly)
----Bu sekin poyezd (It’s a slow train)
----Bu poyezd sekin yuradi (This train goes slowly)
A’lo (perfect) becomes A’lo (perfectly)
---U menga a’lo javob berdi (He gave me perfect answer)
---U har savollarga a’lo javob beradi (He answers all questions perfectly)
For example: To’g’ri ( right) becomes to’g’ri ( rightly)
-----You are right- Siz haqsiz. ( Adjective)
-----They rightly complained to the manager -Ular menejerga to’gri shikoyat qilishdi.
However that is not always the same. Some words are adverbs by nature. For example:
Hozir- now
Haqiqiy -really
Yaqinda- soon and etc.
But in Uzbek language the adverbs come usually at the beginning or before the main verb in the sentence:
-----She usually speaks very quickly.
--- U odatda juda tez gapiradi.
----- I haven’t seen him anywhere.
------ Men uni hech qayerda ko’rmaganman.
------ They will be here soon.
------ Ular tez orada shu yerda bo’lishadi.
Or ---- Tez orada ular shu yerda bo’lishadi.
----- It rained quite heavily yesterday.
----- Kecha juda kuchli yomg’ir yog’di.
Or ---- Yomg’ir kecha juda kuchli yomg;ir yog’di.