Of the republic of uzbekistan the uzbekistan state world languages university english faculty II english language teaching methodology department№2

Average Vehicle Ridership (AVR). The ratio of all people traveling by any mode, including cars, buses, trains and bicycles (or telecommuting), in a given area during a given time period to the number of cars on the road. A key measure of the efficiency and effectiveness of a transportation network – the higher the AVR, the lower the level of energy consumption and air pollution.
Double Stack. The movement of containers on articulated rail cars which enables one container to be stacked on another for better ride quality and railcar utilization. Downtime. A period during which a vehicle or a whole system is inoperative because of repairs or maintenance.
Drayage. The movement of a container or trailer to or from the railroad intermodal terminal to or from the customer’s facility for loading or unloading.
Dry bulk cargo. Cargo which may be loose, granular, free-flowing or solid, such as grain, coal, and ore, and is shipped in bulk rather than in package form. Dry bulk cargo is usually handled by specialized mechanical handling equipment at specially designed dry bulk terminals.
Duopoly. A market that is dominated by two firms provides goods or services.
Duopsony. Two major buyers of a good or service in a market.
Dunnage. Packaging materials used to keep cargo in place inside a container or transportation vehicle.
Dwell time. The time a vehicle (bus, truck, train, or ship) is allowed to load or unload passengers or freight at a terminal. For freight operations, it refers to the amount of time cargo stays in a terminal yard or storage area while waiting to be loaded. Dwell time can be operational, which reflects the performance of terminal infrastructures and management, including the scheduling and availability of transport services. It can also be transactional, which is usually linked with the performance of clearance procedures (such as customs). Finally, dwell time can be storage related, implying that the owner or the carrier of the cargo deliberately leaves the cargo at the terminal as part of a transport or supply chain management strategy.