Oid ba zabonhoi forsӣ va toҷikӣ

– lug‘at, fonetika, morfologiya, sintaksis, frazeologiya va g‘ayra ba vuҷud omadan giriftand. Az bahsi domanadori olimoni toҷik dar xususi «forsӣ», «toҷikӣ» yo toҷikӣ (forsӣ) on ast, ki adabiyoti mardumi forsizabon imro‘z ham ba yak zabon surat megirad va az in ki qonuni zaboni toҷikӣ dar qavsayn «forsӣ» doxil kardan ba hamin ma’nӣ ast.
Pas az solhoi hukmdorii davrai sho‘roho sharoite ba vuqo‘ omad, ki zaboni toҷikӣ (forsӣ) chun zaboni rasmii davlatӣ dar ҷumhurii Toҷikiston va g‘ayra shinoxta shud. Mo holo ba kor va ko‘shishi ziyod zarurat dorem, to in zabonro biomo‘zem.
«Yak guro‘h shaxson, - mego‘yad, ustod Sadriddin Aynӣ, - ki ba zaboni toҷikӣ durust oshno nestand, zaboni toҷikӣ az forsӣ chӣ farq dorad? Gufta mepursand, ammo kase, ki ba adabiyoti ko‘hna va navi forsӣ-toҷikӣ shinosoӣ dorad, ba xubӣ medonad, ki dar miyoni onho farqi asosӣ nest» (Aynӣ S. Kulliyot, ҷildi 11. Kitobi duyum. – Dushanbe: Irfon, 1964, sah 350).
Durust ast, ki bayni onho in zabonho tafovuti chandon kalone dida nameshavad. Agar mo asarhoi Ro‘dakӣ, Firdavsӣ, Kamoli Xo‘ҷandӣ, Sa’dӣ, Hofiz, Nizomӣ va monandi inhoro xonem, eroniho niz onhoro xonda ba xubӣ mefahmand.
Ammo agar ba sari zaboni nashri matbuoti imro‘zai Eron biyoem, mas’ala rangi digar megirad. Zero zaboni nashri matbuoti imro‘zai Eron 60-70 foiz ba arabihoi mushkil omezish yoftaast, ki gumon namekunam onhoro har eronii savodnok bifahmad, ki chi ҷoi toҷikon»
S.Aynӣ dar xususi zaboni imro‘zai forsӣ va toҷikӣ, ki bayni onho farqhoe dida meshavand, ki chunin ibroz dorad:
Ma’lum ast, ki har yak zaboni millӣ bar zammi shoxai xattӣ zabonhoi guftugo‘ii xudro niz dorad, ki on dar shakli adabӣ va g‘ayriadabӣ voqe’ megardad. Dar mavridi avvalin zaboni xattӣ umumist, ammo dar holati sonӣ dar qismati guftorӣ tag‘irothoi lug‘avӣ, fonetikӣ, sintaksisii xele ziyodero mebinem. Az in xotir, takomul va takmili tadriҷii har yak zaboni adabӣ naxust az nufuzi zaboni zinda va lahҷahoi mahallӣ ba vuҷud meoyad. Az in ҷo zaboni zinda va lahҷahoi mahallӣ dar har kishvar doroi xususiyati xosand, ki nufuzi onho ba shakli asosii zaboni millӣ dar har kishvar (Eron va Toҷikiston) ba tarzi maxsus surat girifta boisi on megardad, ki tafovuti zabonhoi xesh dar in soha tadriҷan afzoish yobad. Binobar in hangomi tadqiqi tafovuthoi zabonii zabonhoi toҷikӣ va forsӣ shoxahoi adabӣ va g‘ayriadabii onhoro dar moddai avval boyad ba hisob girift, vagarna tafriqahoi nozuki on du zabon oshkor va ravshan naxohad shud. Zaboni toҷikӣ va forsӣ, ki az ҷumlai xeshzabonhoi nihoyat nazdik ba shumor meravad. Har kadomi onho ba sifati zaboni guftorӣ doroi zaboni zinda va lahҷahoi mahallӣ niz meboshad, ki dar muhiti ҷug‘rofii alohida istifodashuda, ba zaboni adabӣ va ba tarzi xud g‘izo mebaxshand (G‘afforov R. Se barodaroni tav’am. Maqolai ilmii dastxat).
Zabonhoi toҷikӣ va forsӣ, ki az ҷumlai xeshzabonhoi nihoyat nazdik ba shumor meravand, az in xususiyati umumӣ forig‘ naxohand bud. Har kadomi onho ba sifati zaboni guftorӣ doroi zaboni zinda va lahҷahoi mahallӣ niz meboshand, ki dar muhiti ҷug‘rofii alohida istifoda shuda, ba zaboni adabӣ ba tarzi xud g‘izo mebaxshand. Besabab nest, ki ustod Muhammadҷon Shukurov dar in xusus barhaq mego‘yad: «Zaboni adabӣ ba asos’hoi xalqii hozirai xud saxttar va tabiitar payvand yoft va hambastagii on bo zaboni asrhoi guzashta shaklhoi nav paydo kard» (Shukurov M. Zaboni millӣ g‘amxorii maxsus xohon ast. Dar kitobi «Darsi xeshtanshinosӣ». – Dushanbe: Irfon, 1989, sah 4).
Shoxahoi xattӣ davomi bevositai zaboni klassikii forsii toҷikist, hangomi inkishofi ta’rix dar zamoni mo dar hama sathi zindagӣ digargunii navin ba zammi zaboni zindai xalq va lahҷahoi mahallӣ bo amri ta’rix zaboni rusӣ niz ta’sir kard.
Sarfi nazar az on ki dar in ҷo dalelhoi shoyon va ilmӣ mavҷud ast, ki zaboni forsӣ dar se mintaqa – Eron, Afg‘oniston, Toҷikistoni mo dar chor shakl ba kor mebarand, qobili qabul ast. Dar xususi ҷudoshavii in se zabon ustod R.G‘afforov chunin ibroz dorad: «Ahli tadqiq bar in qarorand, ki tafovuthoi ҷudogonae, ki dar in tarz ҷo doshtaand, binobar tashkili davlathoi Eron, Osiyoi Miyona, Shimolii Hinduston hamchunin bino ba vus’ati mazhabhoi shiayu sunnӣ az asri XVI payopay rivoҷu ravnaq yofta, yagonagii umumii zabonhoi forsӣ, darӣ, toҷikiro xalaldor kardand» (G‘afforov R. Se barodari tav’am.).
Taҷribayu mavodi ba dast ovarda sobit menamoyand, ki tafovuthoi bayni zabonhoi forsӣ va toҷikӣ imro‘z dar natiҷai bo hudud ҷudo shudani sarzaminhoi Eron, Afg‘oniston va Toҷikiston ba vuҷud omadaand. Onho, albatta, bo ta’siri lahҷahoi mahallӣ, ta’siri zabonhoi digar (beruna), az hamdigar ba daraҷai ziyode farq kardaand, ki imro‘z mardumi odii toҷik zaboni forsiro va eroniyon zaboni toҷikiro qarib namefahmand.
Chunon ki dar bolo zikr namudem, tafovutho dar bayni in du zaboni ba hamdigar xesh az qarni XVI sar zadaast. Imro‘z boshad, in tafovut rivoҷ yofta, dar sohai fonetika, morfologiya, kalimasozӣ, sintaksis, frazeologiya va az hama beshtar dar baxshi lug‘at xele bisyor ba nazar merasad