35
I
I I
I I I
I V
V V I
Y u q o r i d a k e l t i r i l g a n b a r c h a f o r m u l a l l a r a l o h i d a
ka mc hiliklarga ega . Kekule fo rmulasi bo ‟yi cha benzol
halqasidagi barcha uglerodlar orasidagi ma sofa teng bo ‟l ma sligi
k e r a k . C h u n k i – C = C – b o g ` ‟ n i n g u z u n l i g i 1 , 3 4 A
0
g a , - C – C –
b o g ` ‟ n i n g u z u n l i g i e s a 1 , 5 4 A
0
g a t e n g . B e n z o l n i n g h o s i l b o ‟ l i s h
i s s i q l i g i s i k l o g e k s a t r i y e n ( I ) n i k i g a q a r a g a n d a k a t t a .
K e k u l e t a k l i f e t g a n f o r m u l a g a m u v o f i q b e n z o l o d d i y
s h a r o i t d a b r o m n i b i r i k t i r i b o l m a y d i , k a l i y p e r m a n g a n a t n i
rangsizlantirma ydi, ya ‟ni qo ‟sh bog` ‟li birik mal arning xossala rini
qa yta rma ydi. Kekule formulasi bo ‟yi cha benzolning ikki
al ma shgan hosilala ri izo me rla rining soni ko ‟p bo ‟lishi ke rak edi.
K e k u l e u l a r n i i z o m e r d e b h i s o b l a y d i :
L e k i n b u n d a y i z o m e r l a r n i x e c h q a c h o n a j r a t i b o l i b
bo ‟l mag an. Buning s ababini Kekule benzol halqasidagi
b o g ` ‟ l a r n i n g g i p o t e t i k a s s i l l ya t s i y a s i d a d e b t u s h u n t i r a d i , y a ‟ n i
benzolni oksidlovchilar ta ‟siriga
c h i d a m l i l i - g i n i , o d d i y s h a r o i t d a b i r i k i s h
r e a k s i y a l a r i g a k i r i s h m a s l i g i u n i n g
tuzilishida qo ‟sh bog` ‟la rning
b o r l i g i n i i n k o r e t a d i . Y u q o r i b o s i m , h a r o r a t , k a t a l i z a t o r l a r
i s h t i r o k i d a v o d o r o d , g a l o g e n l a r v a o z o n n i b i r i k t i r i b o l i s h i e s a
u n i n g t u z i l i s h i d a 3 t a
- b o g ` ‟ l a r m a v j u d l i g i n i i s b o t l a y d i .
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Х
Х
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