O‘tgan yuzyillikning boshlarida rus va G‘arbiy Yevropa olimlarining hozir

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42
Kirish
O‘tgan yuzyillikning boshlarida rus 
va G‘arbiy Yevropa olimlarining hozir-
gi Sinjon o‘lkasiga, xususan, ko‘hna 
Turfon vohasiga uyushtirgan ilmiy ek-
speditsiyalari natijasida, bu yerdagi 
eski xarobalar, chekka qishloqlardan 
ilk o‘rta asrlarga tegishli yodgorliklar, 
eski qo‘lyozmalar topildi. Son-sanoqsiz 
bitiglar orasida o‘tmishdan qolgan 
hujjatlar ham bor edi. Hozirgi paytda 
ushbu hujjatlar dunyoning yirik qo‘ly-
ozma fondlariga tarqab ketgan. Katta 
bir qismi Berlin Brandenberg akademi-
QADIMGI TURKIY VASIQALAR STILISTIKASI
Qosimjon SODIQOV, 
Toshkent davlat Sharqshunoslik instituti 
professori,filologiya fanlari doktori
[e-mail] 
Abstract: In the beginning of the last century, Russian and Western European scientists 
discovered many historical ruins and manuscripts as a result of scientific expeditions to the 
historical lands of present-day Xinjiang. Among the manuscripts were the official documents 
created by the ancient Turkic Buddhist monarchy. Most of these historical documents are 
in the Old Uighur script with extensive information on the socio-economic system of the 
ancient Turkic states, the relationships between people, trade and legal systems.
These official documents contain wealthy land owners’ business forms, farmers’ and 
ordinary peoples’ papers on saling and buying, slaves’ complaints about their owners’,
rental papers’, the notes on freedom, statements of the wealthy slave owners and many 
others. All of the mentioned manuscripts have proof of an established state’s political 
system, a formal etiquette of the landowners, the conceptualization of the rule of law, a 
high-developed social rights’ system, and a strong established court system.
This article presents ancient Turkich official documents found in Turf which are studied 
stylistically. These documents are important in historical monuments in Turkic written 
literary language. They serve as a reliable material in the study of historical formation and 
development of the Turkish official style.
Key words: manuscripts, Old Turkic writings, history of Turkic documents, stilistics of 
the official documents, espressing spoken speech in a text
yasining qo‘lyozmalar fondida
1
, Sankt-
Peterburgdagi Sharq qo‘lyozmalari in-
stitutida, Urumchidagi Tarix muzeyida 
saqlanayotir.
Turfondan topilgan ushbu rasmiy 
hujjatlar xonlarning yorliqlari yoki yurt 
egalarining o‘zaro yozishmalari, davlat 
miqyosidagi yirik diplomatik hujjatlar 
emas. Ular yirik yer egalari, boylar, de-
1
Berlindagi Brandenburg fanlar akademiyasining 
qo‘lyozmalar fondida saqlanayotgan hujjatlarn-
ing fotolari “Digitales Turfan-Archiv” nomi bilan 
internet tarmog‘iga joylashtirib chiqilgan: www.
Turfanforschung.som.