O‟zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o‟rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi samarqand davlat universiteti
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l (lat. Andrómeda) — rod vechnozelyonыx nizkoroslыx kustarnikov ili kustarnichkov semeystva Vereskovыe. V literature po sadovodstvu rastenie inogda nazыvayut «andromedoy». Rastyot v lesnoy i tundrovoy zone Evrazii i Severnoy Ameriki na torfyanыx bolotax i v sыrыx xvoynыx lesax. V gorax podnimaetsya do nijney polosы alьpiyskogo poyasa. Vыsota vzroslogo rasteniya — ot 15 do 60 sm. Korneviщe dlinnoe, v vide shnura, obщee dlya mnojestva nadzemnыx pobegov. Dlya podbela, kak i dlya bolьshinstva drugix rasteniy iz semeystva Vereskovыe, xarakterna mikoriza — vzaimovыgodnыy simbioz (mutualizm) mitseliya gribov s kornyami rasteniya. Stebelь malorazvetvlyonnыy, gladkiy, stelyuщiysya, ukorenyayuщiysya; pobegi jyostkie, vosxodyaщie, krasno-burыe. Listьya lansetovidnыe, s zavyornutыmi vniz krayami; sverxu tyomno- zelyonыe, blestyaщie, snizu matovo-belыe ot voskovogo naleta, kojistыe, s voskovыm nalyotom, dlinoy ot 1 do 5 sm i shirinoy ot 2 do 8 mm. Svetki rozovыe (inogda drugogossveta — ot belogo do tyomno-krasnogo), ponikshie; sobranы po neskolьko shtuk na dlinnыx krasnovatыxssvetonojkax, raspolojennыx na konsax proshlogodnix pobegov. Lepestki srosshiesya; venchik yaysevidno- ili sharovidno-kuvshinchatыy (bokalьchatыy), vnutri opushyonnыy, chto meshaet melkim nasekomыm pronikatь vssvetok.Tыchinok desyatь, s krasnыmi pыlьnikami i pridatkami v vide dvux malenьkix ostrыx rojkov, stolbik odin. Pыlьniki vskrыvayutsya tolьko posle togo, kak sozrelo rыlьse i sostoyalosьperekryostnoe opыlenie, no ix vskrыtie proisxodit lishь v tot moment, kogda vnutrissvetka naxoditsya krupnoe nasekomoe. Po puti k nektaru ono sotryasaet tыchinki, kasayasь ix pridatkov, — i pыlьniki, vskrыvayasь, osыpayut nasekomoe pыlьsoy. Svetenie nablyudaetsya v aprele — iyune (inogda osenьyu zatsvetaet povtorno [2] ). Podbel dayot myod, neprigodnыy v piщu cheloveka [3] . Plodы sozrevayut v avguste — sentyabre. Plod — pyatignyozdnaya sharovidno-splyusnutaya korobochka, kotoraya vskrыvaetsya vdolь spinok sostavlyayuщix eyo plodolistikov. Rastenie rastyot medlenno; ejegodnыy prirost sostavlyaet okolo 3 sm. |
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