O`zbekiston respublikasida sud hokimiyatining mustaqilligi

3. EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING LEAD RAW 
MATERIALS
 
3.1. Preparation of lead raw materials for processing 
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4.5
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4.9
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2017
2018
2019
2020
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 p
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d
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m
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Years

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156 
Because lead ores are often polymetallic sulphide ores, they are beneficiated first 
by collective and then by selective flotation [86-88]. Usually, lead is mainly found in 
the form of galena (PbS) in ore, so butyl and ethyl xanthogenates and dithiophosphate 
are used as collecting agents during flotation (pH=9-9.5). Sodium sulfide (Na
2
S, 
consumption up to 1 kg/t), potassium bichromate (K
2
Cr
2
O
7
) and potassium chromates 
(K
2
CrO
4
) are used as quenchers of galena (chromate consumption is 20-25 g /t, pH=5-
6). If copper-lead polymetallic ore is to be enriched by selective flotation, then lead 
sulfide H
3
PO
4
, NaH
2
PO
4 
[89-91]. It is extinguished in the presence of soluble 
phosphates such as Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2 
or with a mixture of sodium thiosulfate with iron 
sulfate (substance consumption is up to 1.7-7 kg/t) [92-94]. In addition, starch and 
dextrin are among the organic quenchers of galena (consumption up to 0.1-0.2 kg/t) 
[95]. In selective flotation of lead-copper polymetallic ore, copper sulfides are 
quenched with a mixture of sodium cyanide and zinc sulfate, and lead sulfides are 
separated using a collector. In the flotation of oxide compounds of lead, more organic 
fatty acids or their compounds are used, for example, compounds such as oleic acid, 
sodium oleate, naphthenic acids, tall oil (the composition is similar to pine oil) can be 
used. If the ore does [96-100] not contain iron oxides, dolomite and limestone, oxidized 
lead compounds are better flotation using oxyhydryl collectors. T-80 reagent is used as 
a foaming agent in the flotation process (consumption 10-15 g/t) [101-102]. The degree 
of extraction of lead in flotation enrichment is 83-94%. The preparation processes from 
the initial ore to the production of sulphide lead concentrate are described in detail in 
Fig.2.
Fig.2. Processes for preparing sulphide lead ore for processing 

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157 
Currently, a combined method of enrichment of galena compounds is used. In 
order to save the consumption of flotation reagents, the ore is initially processed by 
gravity method, 30-45% of unnecessary rocks are removed, and then the remaining 
sulphide part is flotation [103-107]. 
The approximate composition of lead enrichment obtained after flotation 
enrichment is as follows, %: Pb 45 – 50; Zn 4 – 14; Cu 1-3; S 15-20; Fe 4 – 15; SiO
2 
-
10; Ag up to 500 g/t.