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Technology of agglomeration of lead concentrates
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3.2. Technology of agglomeration of lead concentrates The purpose of agglomeration is to prepare the lead concentrate for the reducing melt in the blast furnace. The following tasks must be performed during agglomeration incineration: 1. Separation of sulfur in the concentrate by oxidation with air oxygen. The level of desulfurization should be in the range of 60-85%. 2. During the preparation period, powdery, dispersive substances should be porous. These porous pieces are a good gas permeable material called agglomerate. Incineration of lead concentrate is carried out in agglomeration machines. In these machines, the air is directed from the top down, or from the bottom up. Nowadays, agglomeration burning of lead concentrate is widespread. The following reactions may occur during combustion: PbS +2O 2 = PbSO 4 (1) PbS + 3/2O 2 = PbO + SO 2 (2) PbS + O 2 = Pb + SO 2 (3) Fig.3. Side view of agglomeration machine At a temperature of 700 0 C, reaction (1) takes place. Under these conditions, the following reaction can also occur: PbS + 3PbSO 4 = 4PbO + 4SO 2 (4) 158 At temperatures above 886 o C, lead oxide melts and its dissociation takes place, and reaction (2) also takes place under these conditions [130-134]. At a temperature of 900 o C, substances in a solid state interact: PbS + 2PbO = 3Pb + SO 2 (5) Agglomeration incineration takes place under a thickness of 200-300 mm. Air leaks from the top down or from the bottom up. When the air leaks from the top, the frost is burned from above. When the air flows from the bottom to the top, the frost is burned from the bottom layer. The agglomeration incineration process begins with the burning of the slag using a special burner-furnace. Other parts of the layer pass due to the heat released as a result of exothermic reactions during the burning of sulfides [108]. When burning 1 kg of iron and heavy non-ferrous metal sulfides, the fuel consumption is 20-25% of the initial charge. Leaking air prevents frost from burning. The highest temperature (1000-1100 o C) is reached in the burning zone [109]. Fluxes are added to the slag for proper agglomeration incineration. Quartz, iron ore, rotating slag and agglomerate are used as flux [110]. Agglomeration machines are used in ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy to prepare agglomerates by burning enrichments (concentrate). Agglomeration machines are belt and circular. Belt agglomeration machines are widely used in metallurgy [140]. The agglomeration machine has special boxes placed on a steel belt 35-40 m long, and the belt moves like a chain conveyor. The interior of the boxes is finished with a grid, and the lower part consists of a cone-shaped cavity, which is adapted to suck in or give air. In the starting part of the machine (i.e. above the boxes) the slag loading device and the slag burning equipment are placed. The slag filled in the boxes passes through the combustion chamber. In this case, the frost can ignite due to the coke contained in it, and thus heat at a high temperature is generated in it. In order to continue the process of combustion and oxidation, air is supplied to the cans or air is sucked from the bottom. This, in turn, is done by air suction or spraying. The process of casting and agglomeration is carried out along the movement of the belt to the last part of the machine. The resulting product is transferred from the agglomerate mold due to conveyor rotation. The speed of the belt in the agglomerate machine is 1-4 m/min. Its length can be from 6 meters to 75 meters. The total working capacity of the machine by product is 6- 300 m 2 . Its production capacity is 32 t/m 2 per day for ferrous metal concentrates and 18 t/m 2 for non-ferrous metal concentrates. Download 1.46 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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