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How the Romans Came. In the 1st century before our era Britain, was conquered by the powerful State of Rome. The Romans were practical men. They were very clever at making roads and building bridges and fine tall houses that are admired to this day. The Romans thought a great deal of fighting and they were so strong that they usually managed to win most of the battles they fought. The Romans were greatly interested to learn from travellers that; valuable metals were to be found in Britain. Finally they decided to occupy the island; they crossed the sea in galleys under the command of Julius Caesar. Caesar wrote an interesting account of Britain. But well-trained as these soldiers were, it was not so easy to conquer the Britons, and the Romans had to encamp troops all over the country. It is from these camps that some of the English cities later arose.
The Latin word "castra" – "camp" became a suffix and was later pronounced. The names of many English towns never dropped the Latin ending, and you can find Lancaster, Manchester, Worcester, Leicester and many others on the map.
Many things the Romans taught the Britons were given Latin names. They made the Britons build roads and bridges and a high wall in the north to keep the savages out. Thus the word "wall" comes from the Latin "vallum", "street" from "strata" meaning "road". But the Romans and the natives of Britain did not become one nation; all that the Romans wanted was to make the Britons work for them.
Towards the end of the 4th century the invasion of all of Europe by barbaric peoples compelled the Romans to leave Britain, because they were needed to defend their own country. The fall of the Roman Empire followed soon after.
The Invasion by Germanic Tribes. As soon as the Britons were left to themselves, they had very little peace for many years. Sea-robbers came sailing in ships from other countries, and the Britons were always busy frying to defend themselves. Among these invaders were some Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes who lived in the northern and central parts of Europe. They spoke different dialects of the West Germanic language from which modern German developed. A wild and fearless race, they came in hordes from over the North Sea and, try as they would, the Britons could never drive them away. And many a battle was fought by the Britons unti at last they were forced to retreat to the west of Britain: to Wales; Cornwall, and Strathclyde. Those who ventured to stay became the slaves of the invaders and were forced to adopt many of their customs and learn to speak their languages.