Document Outline - Table of Contents
- PREFACE
- A Few Tips on Using Introduction to Basic Legal Citation
- Help with Citation Issues Beyond the Scope of this Work
- Comments, Corrections, Extensions
- Additional Resources
- § 1-000. BASIC LEGAL CITATION: WHAT AND WHY?
- § 1-100. Introduction
- § 1-200. Purposes of Legal Citation
- § 1-300. Types of Citation Principles
- § 1-400. Levels of Mastery
- § 1-500. Citation in Transition: From Proprietary Print Citations to Vendor- and Medium-Neutral Schemes
- § 1-600. Who Sets Citation Norms
- § 2-000. HOW TO CITE ...
- § 2-100. How to Cite Electronic Sources
- § 2-110. Electronic Sources – Core Elements
- § 2-115. Electronic Sources – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-120. Electronic Sources – Variants and Special Cases
- § 2-200. How to Cite Judicial Opinions
- § 2-210. Case Citations – Most Common Form
- § 2-215. Case Citations – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-220. Case Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 2-225. Case Citations – More Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-230. Medium-Neutral Case Citations
- § 2-240. Case Citations – Conditional Items
- § 2-250. Citing Unpublished Cases
- § 2-300. How to Cite Constitutions, Statutes, and Similar Materials
- § 2-310. Constitution Citations
- § 2-320. Statute Citations – Most Common Form
- § 2-330. Statute Citations – Conditional items
- § 2-335. Statute Citations – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-340. Statute Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 2-350. Local Ordinance Citations
- § 2-360. Treaty Citations
- § 2-400. How to Cite Regulations, Other Agency and Executive Material
- § 2-410. Regulation Citations – Most Common Form
- § 2-415. Regulation Citations – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-420. Regulation Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 2-450. Agency Adjudication Citations
- § 2-455. Agency Adjudication Citations – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-470. Agency Report Citations
- § 2-480. Citations to Executive Orders and Proclamations – Most Common Form
- § 2-485. Citations to Executive Orders and Proclamations – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-490. Citations to Attorney General and Other Advisory Opinions – Most Common Form
- § 2-495. Citations to Attorney General and Other Advisory Opinions – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-500. How to Cite Arbitration Decisions
- § 2-600. How to Cite Court Rules
- § 2-700. How to Cite Books
- § 2-710. Book Citations – Most Common Form
- § 2-715. Book Citations – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-720. Book Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 2-800. How to Cite Articles and Other Law Journal Writing
- § 2-810. Journal Article Citations – Most Common Form
- § 2-820. Journal Article Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 2-825. Journal Article Citations – Points of Difference in Citation Practice
- § 2-900. How to Cite Documents from Earlier Stages of the Same Case
- § 3-000. EXAMPLES – CITATIONS OF ...
- § 3-100. Electronic Sources
- § 3-110. Electronic Citations – Core Elements
- § 3-200. Judicial Opinions
- § 3-210. Case Citations – Most Common Form
- Federal Case Citations:
- Supreme Court
- Courts of Appeals
- Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
- District Courts
- Bankruptcy Courts and Bankruptcy Panels
- Court of Federal Claims
- Tax Court
- Military Service Courts of Criminal Appeals
- State Case Citations:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- § 3-220. Case Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 3-230. Medium-Neutral Case Citations
- § 3-240. Case Citations – Conditional Items
- § 3-300. Constitutions and Statutes
- § 3-310. Constitutions
- Federal Statute Citations
- State Statute Citations
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- § 3-340. Statute Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 3-350. Local Ordinance Citations
- § 3-360. Treaty Citations
- § 3-400. Regulations, Other Agency and Executive Material
- § 3-410. Regulation Citations – Most Common Form
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- § 3-420. Regulation Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 3-480. Executive Orders and Proclamations
- § 3-490. Attorney General and Other Advisory Opinions
- § 3-500. Arbitration Decisions
- § 3-600. Court Rules
- § 3-700. Books
- § 3-710. Book Citations – Most Common Form
- § 3-720. Book Citations – Variants and Special Cases
- § 3-800. Articles and Other Law Journal Writing
- § 3-810. Journal Article Citations – Most Common Form
- § 3-820. Journal Articles – Variants and Special Cases
- § 4-000. ABBREVIATIONS AND OMISSIONS USED IN CITATIONS
- § 4-100. Words Abbreviated in Case Names
- § 4-200. Abbreviations for Words Used in Providing Case Histories
- § 4-300. Words Omitted in Case Names
- § 4-400. Reporters and Courts
- § 4-410. Reporter and Court Abbreviations – Federal Courts
- § 4-420. Reporter and Court Abbreviations – The States and D.C.
- § 4-500. State Abbreviations
- § 4-600. Months
- § 4-700. Frequently Cited Journals
- § 4-800. Spacing between Abbreviated Words and Periods in Abbreviations
- § 4-810. Spacing between Abbreviated Words
- § 4-820. Periods in Abbreviations
- § 4-900. Documents from Earlier Stages of a Case
- § 5-000. UNDERLINING AND ITALICS
- § 5-100. In Citations
- § 5-200. In Text
- § 5-300. Citation Items Not Italicized
- § 6-000. PLACING CITATIONS IN CONTEXT
- § 6-100. Quoting
- § 6-200. Citations and Related Text
- § 6-300. Signals
- (a) Signals that indicate support.
- (b) Signals that suggest a useful comparison.
- (c) Signals that indicate contradiction.
- (d) Signals that indicate background material.
- (e) Combining a signal with "e.g."
- § 6-400. Order
- § 6-500. Short Form Citations
- § 6-520. Short Form Citations - Cases
- § 6-530. Short Form Citations - Constitutions and Statutes
- § 6-540. Short Form Citations - Regulations
- § 6-550. Short Form Citations - Books
- § 6-560. Short Form Citations - Journal Articles
- § 6-600. Context Examples
- § 7-000. CROSS REFERENCE TABLES
- § 7-100. Introduction
- § 7-200. Significant Changes in The Bluebook:
- 19th edition
- 18th edition
- 17th edition
- § 7-300. Cross Reference Table: The Bluebook
- § 7-400. Cross Reference Table: ALWD Citation Manual
- § 7-500. Table of State-Specific Citation Norms and Practices
- Alabama
- Examples from White-Spunner Constr., Inc. v. Constr. Completion Co., LLC, 103 So. 3d 781 (Ala. 2012)
- Ala. R. App. P. 28
- Alaska
- Examples from State v. Dupier, 118 P.3d 1039 (Alaska 2005)
- Alaska R. App. P. 212(c)
- Arizona
- Examples from Ry-Tan Constr., Inc. v. Wash. Elem. Sch. Dist. No. 6, 210 Ariz. 419, 111 P.3d 1019 (2005)
- Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 13(a)
- Arkansas
- Examples from Hinojosa v. State, 2009 Ark. 301
- Ark. Sup. Ct. & Ct. App. R. 4-2(a), 5-2(b)
- California
- Examples from Zuckerman v. Bd. of Chiropractic Exam'rs, 29 Cal. 4th 32, 53 P.3d 119, 124 Cal. Rptr. 2d 701 (2002)
- Cal. Ct. R. 1.200
- Cal. Ct. R. 3.1113
- Colorado
- Examples from Colo. Oil & Gas Conservation Comm'n v. Grand Valley Citizens' Alliance, 2012 CO 52, 279 P.3d 646
- Colo. C.J. Directive 12-01
- Connecticut
- Examples from Ruffin v. Dep't of Pub. Works, 50 Conn. Supp. 98, 914 A.2d 617 (2006)
- Conn. R. App. P § 67-11
- Delaware
- Examples from Del. Bd. of Nursing v. Gillespie, 41 A.3d 423 (Del. 2012)
- Del. Sup. Ct. R. 14(g)
- D.C.
- Examples from Dorsey v. District of Columbia, 917 A.2d 639 (D.C. 2007)
- D.C. Ct. App. R 28(g)
- D.C. Super. Ct. Civ. P.R. 12-I(e)
- Florida
- Examples from North Lauderdale v. SMM Properties, Inc., 825 So. 2d 343 (Fla. 2002)
- Fla. R. App. P. 9.800
- Georgia
- Examples from Hollingsworth Concrete Prods., Inc., 274 Ga. 210, 553 S.E.2d 270 (2001)
- Ga. Sup. Ct. R. 22
- Ga. Ct. App. R. 24(c)
- Hawaii
- Examples from State v. Kotis, 91 Haw. 319, 984 P.2d 78 (1999)
- Hawaii R. App. P. 28
- Idaho
- Examples from Am. Falls Reservoir Dist. No. 2 v. Idaho Dep't of Water Res., 143 Idaho 862, 154 P.3d 433 (2007)
- Idaho S. Ct. Internal R 15
- Illinois
- Examples from Hines v. Dep't of Pub. Aid, 221 Ill. 2d 222, 850 N.E.2d 148 (2006)
- Ill. Sup. Ct. R. 6
- Indiana
- Examples from Caesars Riverboat Casino, LLC v. Kephart, 934 N.E.2d 1120 (Ind. 2010)
- Ind. R. App. P. 22
- Iowa
- Examples from Al-Khattat v. Eng'g & Land Surveying Examining Bd., 644 N.W.2d 18 (Iowa 2002)
- Iowa R. App. P. 6.904
- Kansas
- Examples from Schmidt v. Kan. State Bd. of Technical Professions, 271 Kan. 206, 21 P.3d 542 (2001)
- Kan. Ct. R. 6.08
- Kentucky
- Examples from Adams v. NHC Healthcare, 199 S.W.3d 163 (Ky. 2006)
- Ky. Civ. R. 76.12(4)(g)
- Louisiana
- Examples from State v. Alfonso, 99-1546 (La. 12/07/99), 753 So. 2d 156
- La. Sup. Ct. Gen. Admin. R. § 8
- La. Unif R. Ct. App. 2-12.4
- Maine
- Examples from Powers Trust v. Bd. of Envtl. Prot., 2011 ME 40, 15 A.3d 1273
- Me. Admin. Order, No. SJC-216 (Aug. 20, 1996).
- Maryland
- Examples from State Comm'n on Human Relations v. Talbot County Det. Ctr., 370 Md. 115, 803 A.2d 527 (2002)
- Md. R. 1-104, 8-504
- Massachusetts
- Examples from City Council of Agawam v. Energy Facilities Siting Bd., 437 Mass. 821, 776 N.E.2d 1002 (2002)
- Mass. R. App. P. 16(g)
- Michigan
- Examples from Great Wolf Lodge of Traverse City, LLC v. PSC, 489 Mich. 27, 799 N.W.2d 155 (2011)
- Mich. Admin. Order 2006-3
- Minnesota
- Examples from Breza v. City of Minnetrista, 725 N.W.2d 106 (Minn. 2006)
- Mississippi
- Examples from Alford v. Miss. Div. of Medicaid, 30 So. 3d 1212 (Miss. 2010)
- Miss. R. App. P. 28(f)
- Missouri
- Examples from State ex rel. Sunshine Enters. of Mo., Inc. v. Bd. of Adjustment, 64 S.W.3d 310 (Mo. 2002)
- Montana
- Examples from Briese v. Mont. Pub. Emples. Ret. Bd., 2012 MT 192, 366 Mont. 148, 285 P.3d 550
- Mont. Sup. Ct. Internal Op. Rules, § VII
- Mont. Sup.Ct. Order of Jan. 22, 2009
- Nebraska
- Examples from Bethesda Found. v. Neb. Dep't of Soc. Serv., 243 Neb. 130, 498 N.W.2d 86 (1993)
- Neb. Ct. R. App. Pract. 2-109
- Nevada
- Examples from Nev. Tax Comm'n v. Nev. Cement Co., 36 P.3d 418 (Nev. 2001)
- Nev. Sup. Ct. R. 123
- New Hampshire
- Examples from State v. Caswell, 146 N.H. 243, 769 A.2d 387 (2001)
- N.H. Sup. Ct. R. 16
- New Jersey
- Examples from Toll Bros., Inc. v. Township of W. Windsor, 173 N.J. 502, 803 A.2d 53 (2002)
- N.J. Ct. R. 2:6-2
- New Mexico
- Examples from State v. Johnson, 2009-NMSC-049, 147 N.M. 177, 218 P.3d 863 (2009)
- N. M. Sup. Ct. R. 23-112
- New York
- Examples from Aliessa v. Novello, 96 N.Y.2d 418, 754 N.E.2d 1085, 730 N.Y.S.2d 1 (2001)
- N.Y. Ct. App. R. Pract. § 500.1(g)
- North Carolina
- Examples from Craig v. County of Chatham, 356 N.C. 40, 565 S.E.2d 172 (2002)
- N.C. R. App. P., App. B
- North Dakota
- Examples from Zarrett v. Zarrett, 1998 ND 49, 574 N.W.2d 855
- N.D. R. Ct. 11.6
- Ohio
- Examples from State ex rel. Kolcinko v. Ohio Police & Fire Pension Fund, 2012 Ohio 46, 131 Ohio St. 3d 111, 961 N.E.2d 178
- Ohio Sup. Ct. R. for the Reporting of Decisions (2012)
- Oklahoma
- Examples from Rogers v. Quiktrip Corp., 2010 OK 3, 230 P.3d 853
- Okla. Sup. Ct. R. 1.11, 1.200
- Okla. Crim. App. R. 3.5(C)
- Oregon
- Examples from Coats v. State, 334 Or. 587, 54 P.3d 610 (2002)
- Or. R. App. P. 5.20, 5.35
- Pennsylvania
- Examples from Commonwealth v. Beam, 567 Pa. 492, 788 A.2d 357 (2002)
- Pa. R. App. P. 2119(b)
- Rhode Island
- Examples from Cullen v. Town Council of Lincoln, 893 A.2d 239 (R.I. 2006)
- R.I. Sup. Ct. R. 16(j)
- South Carolina
- Examples from Johnson v. Collins Entm't Co., 349 S.C. 613, 564 S.E.2d 653 (2002)
- S.C. App. Pract. R. 268
- South Dakota
- Examples from State v. Britton, 2009 SD 75, 772 N.W.2d 899
- S.D. R. Civ. App. P. § 15-26A-69.1
- Tennessee
- Examples from Furlough v. Spherion Atl. Workforce, LLC, 397 S.W.3d 114 (Tenn. 2013)
- Tenn. R. App. P. 27(h)
- Texas
- Examples from Gilbert v. El Paso County Hosp. Dist., 38 S.W.3d 85 (Tex. 2001)
- Note
- Utah
- Examples from Menzies v. Galetka, 2006 UT 81, 150 P.3d 480
- Utah Sup. Ct. Standing Order 4
- Vermont
- Examples from City of Montpelier v. Barnett, 2012 VT 32, 49 A.3d 120
- Vt. R. App. P. 28.2
- Virginia
- Examples from Davenport v. Little-Bowser, 269 Va. 546, 611 S.E.2d 366 (2005)
- Va. Sup. Ct. R 5:27(a), 5:28(a)
- Washington
- Examples from Dot Foods, Inc. v. Dep't of Revenue, 166 Wash. 2d 912, 215 P.3d 185 (2009)
- Wash. Gen. R. 14
- West Virginia
- Examples from Sedgmer v. McElroy Coal Co., 220 W.Va. 66, 640 S.E.2d 129 (2006)
- W. Va. Tr. Ct. R. 6.02
- Note
- Wisconsin
- Examples from State v. T.J. Int'l, Inc., 2001 WI 76, 244 Wis. 2d 481, 628 N.W.2d 774
- Wis. App. P. R. 809.19(e)
- Wis. Sup. Ct. R. chapt. 80
- Wyoming
- Examples from Lane-Walter v. State ex rel. Wyo. Workers' Safety & Comp. Div., 2011 WY 52, 250 P.3d 513
- Wyo. Sup. Ct., Order Adopting a Uniform or Neutral-Format Citation (Oct. 2, 2000)
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