Part II guidance Notes Pillar I – Laws, Policies, and Institutions
Management and Distribution of Financial Benefits
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MPF Part II Guidance Notes - For Ratification (1)
2.3. Management and Distribution of Financial Benefits
2.3.1 Adopt a transparent revenue management and distribution system. • Government should strictly adhere to budget preparation and publication cycles, with mechanisms for public participation in the budgeting process. • The government should publish the distribution of royalty payments between central and subnational governments, where applicable and where possible, including owners or bona fide occupants of land subject to mineral rights. • The government should deploy technology for more efficient revenue administration. • Where warranted by the economic importance of the mining sector and economic circumstances particular to the country’s national strategy, the government should establish a resource revenue fund with: o Clear investment rules o Transparent governance structures o Mechanisms for public oversight. 2.3.2 Provide oversight mechanisms for the management and use of mining revenues, and transparent rules regulating revenue-allocation decisions. • Government should mandate the publication of mining revenues, including where they are allocated, the rules governing decisions on when, where, and how the revenues are allocated. • Government should periodically trigger independent audits to be conducted and reported. • There should be a clear delineation between the role of the oversight government agencies, and the decision-makers in the sector ministry, the finance ministry, and other relevant agencies with potential conflict of interest. Refer to NRGI’s 2015 briefing Primer: Revenue Management and Distribution . 2.3.3 Establish systems to manage macroeconomic volatility; those systems should include robust fiscal rules. • Government should apply one or a combination of fiscal rules such as: o The budget balance rule – restricting the budget deficit as a proportion of GDP (e.g., Chile introduced a version of the rule in 2001). o The debt rule – restricting the level of debt that can be taken on as a proportion of GDP or as a proportion of government revenue (e.g., Namibia). o The expenditure rule – limiting public expenditure to a proportion of GDP (e.g., Australia in 2009). o The revenue rule – restricting the ability to raise revenue from taxation beyond defined limits, as a proportion of GDP (e.g., Kenya in 1997). Refer to the IMF 2017 background paper Fiscal Rules at a Glance . • Where applicable, the government should consider the adaptation of more specific fiscal rules that have been successfully applied for the management of petroleum revenues, such as: o The introduction and deployment of a resource revenue fund. o The bird-in-hand rule – placing the entire resource income in a sovereign wealth fund and having strict rules for accessing it (e.g., Norway). o The benchmark pricing rule – setting a benchmark price beyond which surplus earnings are to be saved, and below which earnings shortfalls are to be met from previous savings (e.g., Nigeria). 2.3.4 Establish fiscal mechanisms to enable mining communities to benefit financially from mining activities. • Government should introduce measures to localize financial benefits to host communities, such as: o A community development turnover tax for the purpose of investing in public shared infrastructure in affected mining communities; refer to Chapter 12 of the IGF/ATAF guide The Future of Resource Taxation: 10 policy ideas to mobilize mining revenues. Community development agreements will be prescribed in regulation or prepared in a model agreement by the government (e.g., in Argentina, Ghana, Uganda). o Ensuring that community representatives, including women, are involved in decision-making regarding financial disbursement in communities. • Government should provide inclusive and gender-responsive community engagement when developing fiscal mechanisms to benefit mining communities, and when identifying areas of financial investment, including services such as education, health, finances, and programs supporting gender equality and social inclusion. Refer to Requirement 5.2c and 6.1a of the EITI Standard 2023 . Download 0.9 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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