Phenomenon-Based Perception Verbs in Swedish from a Typological and Contrastive Perspective

1.2. Sensory verbs
The sense modality hierarchy primarily applies to Experiences. As 
shown in Viberg (2015), there is great variability across languages 
with respect to the lexicalization of sensory verbs. Like many European 
languages, English has a large number of sensory light verbs such as 
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Phenomenon-Based Perception Verbs in Swedish…
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gleam and glisten and of sensory sound verbs such as clatter, rattle and 
patter. The latter amount to more than a hundred different verbs in 
English as well as in Swedish (for a brief discussion, see Viberg 2015: 
120-126). In stark contrast to the large sets of sensory light and sound 
verbs (see Section 2), European languages have few specialized verbs 
for taste and smell. However, these domains are richly elaborated in 
some non-European languages.
Elaborate systems of taste terms have been described for several Afri-
can languages. Nakagawa (2012) describes two such elaborate fields in 
G|ui and G||ana, two Khoe languages spoken in Botswana (see Table 2). 
One field is referred to as elaborate taste verbs. Twenty verbs of this type 
have been attested (see Table 2.a for some typical examples).
Table 2. Examples of elaborate taste verbs
and food texture verbs in G|ui (based on Nakagawa 2012)
a. Elaborate taste verbs (20 attested verbs)
Verb
Gloss
ts
h
àā
“to have a bad taste typical of wildebeest meat”
╪hójõ
“to have a good taste typical of (ostrich) egg”
ɡǃṵ́rō
“to have a good taste typical of parched wild melon seeds”
ǃqχʼōrō
“to have a distinct taste of honey”
cúm
̄
“to have a bad taste common to ostrich meat or certain 
edible termites”