Phraseological units


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STRUCTURAL PHRASEOLOGY(1)

PHRASEOLOGICAL ANTONYMS
Phraseological combinations being the product of a certain social environment always develop, concretized along with the development of living conditions of society. Antonymy — contradiction is a language phenomenon and involves different fields of human society, that’s why it is impossible to imagine opposition in language apart from the oppositions taking place in the society. So study of antonyms and antonymy in the language is closely coordinated with the philosophical cognition of antagonism and contradictions.
Oppositional meanings as the object of semasiology are studied as a field of science both in lexicology and stylistics. This field of science mainly investigates words and word combinations possessing different phraseological compositions, expressing opposite features of notions, having the contents of quantity, quality, time and place. For e. g. at any hand — at no hand; to put one’s neck into a noose — to save one’s neck and so on.
There exist two types of oppositions between objects and events: internal and external oppositions. Opposition, existing between the objects and events, is external opposition, but the opposition between the inner essences of events is internal opposition. On the basis of internal contradictions, opposite and contradictory features of an event are created. It is possible to discover inner contradictions, peculiar to the objects and events, by the way of opposing their opposite and contradictory feature.
Antonymous meanings possess nearness to the meanings of opposite features of word combinations as to their essence. This nearness is linked with different opposite features of phraseological combinations, belonging to different categories. Certainly, the meaning itself is contradictory. Meanings reflect both contradictory and oppositional features. Phraseological combinations with contradictory meanings belong to one field of objective reality. The antonymous phraseological combinations which are used in the language are linked with notions. If there are no objects and events, neither there would be antonyms indicating opposite features of notion or notions.
For e. g. blue collar worker, (a worker who hardly keeps body and soul together) but the white collar worker (office worker); or open mind (keep an open mind — intelligent, honest) — close minded (narrow — mended, dishonest); take care (be cautious to pay attention) — to take care — not to take care, be indifferent to; to lose one’s face (to lose one’s dignity) — to save one’s face (to keep what one is worth for).
Despite the fact that both phraseological antonyms and phraseological antonymy from the view of forming contradiction are similar, they have got some distinctive features as well. Thus, the notion of antonymy is relatively wider than the notion of antonym. If phraseological antonyms are linked with only their contents, phraseological antonymy and word and word combinations not being in antonymous relations to each other are expressed by figurative meanings, contrastive situations, contrastive thoughts and texts.
Tests

  1. Information expressed by a phraseology about a sign, action, etc. is called a ……. Meaning.

  1. Idiomatical

  2. Primary

  3. Phraseological



  1. Whom does this definition belong to: "phraseological unit is a stable combination of words".

  1. Koonin

  2. Komissari

  3. Kobiakova

  1. What does the blue worker mean?

  1. a worker who hardly

  2. office worker

  3. a person who doesn’t have a job

  1. What types of oppositions are there between objects and events?

  1. Internal

  2. External

  3. Both

  1. Who distinguished the following phraseological synonyms in the Uzbek language: a) lexical composition of phraseological synonyms; b) the image in the phraseological synonyms; c) differentiation of phraseological synonyms in meaning.

  1. Sh. Rakhmatullayev

  2. A. Buranov

  3. K. Arslanov




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