Physical and chemical properties of the blood. Physiology of red blood cells educational manual

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UDC:612.11(075.8)=111 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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INTRODUCTION 
 
Students’ independent practical work is an important part of the syllabus in 
the course of Normal Physiology. It helps students to study this fundamental 
subject. 
Systematic independent work enables to reach the final goal in the students’ 
education. It is also important while preparing the students for their future clinical 
work with patients. 
These theoretic materials, questions and tests will help students to get ready 
for the examination. 

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CONTENS 
1. 
INTRODUCTION 
1 
2. 
CONTENS 
2 
3. 
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 
3 
4. 
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD 
4 
5. 
RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES 
5 
6. 
ERYTHROPOIESIS 
7 
7. 
LABORATORY TEST 
21 
8. 
HEMOGLOBIN 
26 
9. 
STUDY QUESTIONS 
41 
10. 
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (Select the single best answer) 
42 
11. 
ANSWERS 
71 
12. 
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE 
72 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Blood, lymph and tissue fluid form the internal environment of the organism. 
Blood is the fluid constituent of the cardiovascular system, comprising both plasma 
and cellular components. Fifty-five percent of total blood volume is composed of 
plasma. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets form the cellular 
component. Blood has many essential homeostatic functions including the 
transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products, immune 
function, buffering and hemostasis. As blood has such an important role in the 
maintenance of homeostasis. Problems with blood composition or circulation can 
lead to downstream tissue malfunction. Blood is also involved in maintaining 
homeostasis by acting as a medium for transferring heat to the skin and by acting 
as a buffer system for bodily pH. 
 
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 
In our body, the blood performs the following functions : 
1. 
Respiratory.
The hemoglobin of RBC picks up oxygen in the lungs, the oxyhemoglobin 
now circulates and discharges the oxygen into the tissues which need it. For this 
purpose, as it will be shown, the RBC and Hb are ideally designed. Further, the 
CO2 produced in the tissues are discharged into the blood, it is partly carried by 
the plasma and partly by the Hb; the CO
2 
is ultimately disgorged into the lungs. 
2. 
Excretory.
Various waste products of the body are carried by the blood and ultimately 
removed from the body via the kidneys.