Piotr Leonidovich Kapitza, 9 July 1894 8 April 1984
A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s
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A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s I am m o st g rate fu l to M rs A n n a K a p itz a a n d P ro fe sso rs S ergei and A n d re i K a p itz a for p ro v id in g b io g ra p h ica l in fo rm a tio n to su p p le m e n t (an d o fte n a m e n d ) th a t available in th e ex ten siv e lite ra tu re a b o u t P e te r K a p itz a . O f th is lite ra tu re , th e b io g ra p h y by K e d ro v (1984) a n d p a rts of b io g ra p h ie s o f R u th e rfo rd by D a n in (1966) a n d W ilso n (1983) have been p a rtic u la rly useful. T h e R u th e rfo rd arch iv e in th e C a m b rid g e U n iv e rsity L ib ra ry and th e C o ck cro ft archive at C h u rc h ill C ollege, C a m b rid g e , have also p ro v id e d useful m aterial; m u c h o f th e R u th e rfo rd m ate ria l is re p ro d u c e d in B adash (1985), w h ich , how ev er, a p p e a re d only after th is m e m o ir had b een w ritte n . M a n y o f th o se w ho knew K a p itz a have been k in d e n o u g h to sen d m e an ecd o tes an d reco llections and I sh o u ld like to th a n k th e m for th e ir v alu ab le h elp . Q u o ta tio n s from som e of th is m aterial are ex p licitly ack n o w led g ed in the tex t, b u t all of it has been h elp fu l in p ro v id in g b a c k g ro u n d in fo rm a tio n . I sh o u ld like to th an k the follow ing for g u id an c e on vario u s asp ects of K a p itz a ’s scientific w ork: P ro fesso r J. F . A llen , F .R .S . (liq u id h e liu m ), P ro fe sso r A. H . W . Beck an d P ro fesso r on November 29, 2017 http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Downloaded from 366 Biographical Memoirs O . B u n e m a n (m icro w av es), P ro fe s s o r A. R. L a n g , F .R .S . (X -ra y fo c u s ing), M r J. M a rsh a ll o f B .O .C . L td (air liq u e fa c tio n a n d o x y gen p r o d u c tio n ), D r R. S. P ease, F .R .S . (th e rm o n u c le a r re se a rc h a n d p lasm a p h y sics) a n d P ro fe sso r S ir B rian P ip p a rd , F .R .S . (m a g n e to re sis ta n c e an d m ic ro w a v es). I am also g rea tly in d e b te d to M r P. E. R u b in in a n d D r D . te r H a a r fo r h e lp w ith th e b ib lio g ra p h y . O n e o f th e p h o to g ra p h s in th e fro n tisp ie c e w as tak e n in 1937, th e o th e r w as tak e n by th e a u th o r in 1966 at C a m b rid g e .
E le c tro n in e r tia in m o le c u la r A m p e r e c u r r e n t s . ^ . R u ss. P h y s . C h e m . S o c . P h y s . S e c t. 48, 297 (R ). T h e p r e p a r a tio n o f W o lla s to n fib re s.
48, 324 (R ). A m e th o d o f re fle c tio n fro m c ry sta ls .
33 (R ). T h e K o c h r e c o r d in g m ic r o p h o to m e te r.
54 (R ). T h e d e p e n d e n c e o f th e e m is s io n e d g e o f th e c o n tin u o u s X - r a y s p e c tr u m o n th e a z im u th o f th e e m is s io n a n d th e in flu e n c e o f th e a n tic a th o d e m e ta l. U s p . f i z . N a u k 2, 322 (R ). ( W ith N . N . S e m e n o v ^ O n th e p o s s ib ility o f an e x p e r im e n ta l d e te r m in a tio n o f th e m a g n e tic m o m e n t o f an a to m . J . R u ss. P h y s . C h e m . S o c . P h y s . S e c t. 54, 159.
T h e loss o f e n e rg y o f an a - r a y b e a m in its p a s sa g e th r o u g h m a tte r . I. P a ssa g e th r o u g h a ir a n d C 0 2. P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
102, 48.
N o te o n th e c u rv e d tra c k s o f p - p a rtic le s . P r o c . C a m b . p h il. S o c . 21, 129.
O n th e th e o r y o f 8 - ra d ia tio n . P h il. M a g . 45, 989.
S o m e o b s e rv a tio n s o n a - p a r tic le tra c k s in a m a g n e tic field. P ro c . C a m b . p h il. S o c . 21, 511.
A m e th o d o f p r o d u c in g s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields. P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
105, 691.
a - ra y tra c k s in a s tr o n g m a g n e tic field. P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
106, 602.
( W ith H . W . B. S k in n e r ) T h e Z e e m a n effect in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields.
273.
( W ith H . W . B. S k in n e r ) T h e Z e e m a n effe ct in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields.
A
109, 224.
O v e r -te n s io n in a c o n d e n s e r b a tte r y d u r in g a s u d d e n d isc h a rg e . P ro c . C a m b . p h il. S o c . 23, 144. F u r t h e r d e v e lo p m e n ts o f th e m e th o d o f o b ta in in g s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields.
A
115, 658.
T h e s tu d y o f th e sp e cific re sis ta n c e o f b is m u th c ry s ta ls a n d its c h a n g e in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields a n d so m e a llie d p ro b le m s . I. T h e g r o w th o f c ry sta l ro d s w ith a d e fin ite o r ie n ta tio n o f th e c ry sta l p la n e s a n d th e sp e cific r e s is ta n c e o f b is m u th c ry s ta ls . P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
358. T h e s tu d y o f th e sp e cific re s is ta n c e o f b is m u th c ry s ta ls a n d its c h a n g e in s tro n g m a g n e tic fields a n d so m e a llie d p r o b le m s . I I . T h e m e th o d a n d a p p a r a tu s fo r o b s e rv in g th e c h a n g e o f re s is ta n c e o f b is m u th in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields. P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
387. T h e s tu d y o f th e sp e cific r e sis ta n c e o f b is m u th c ry s ta ls a n d its c h a n g e in s tro n g m a g n e tic fields a n d so m e a llie d p ro b le m s . I I I . T h e c h a n g e o f re s is ta n c e o f b is m u th a n d th e tim e lag in m a g n e tic field s. P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
401. T h e c h a n g e o f e le c tric a l c o n d u c tiv ity in s tro n g m a g n e tic fields. I. E x p e rim e n ta l re su lts . P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
123, 292.
* A ll th e sc ie n tific p a p e rs a n d m a n y o f th e ‘g e n e r a l’ p a p e rs , a re r e p rin te d (in E n g lis h tra n s la tio n w h e re n e c e ssa ry ), in C o lle c te d P a p e r s o f P . L . K a p i t z a (see B2 b e lo w ). In th is b ib lio g ra p h y th e title s o f p a p e rs in R u s s ia n (in d ic a te d b y (R )) a n d o th e r la n g u a g e s a re g iv en in E n g lis h tra n s la tio n .
d e n o te s th e se rie s H ig h P o w e r E le c tr o n ic s (R ) a n d H P M E th e E n g lis h tra n s la tio n , H ig h P o w e r M ic r o w a v e E le c tro n ic s (see B1 b elo w ); E T P d e n o te s th e E n g lis h tr a n s la tio n o f E x p e r im e n t, T h e o ry a n d P r a c tic e (see B8 b elo w ). (1) 1916
(2) (3)
1919 (4)
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1929 on November 29, 2017 http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Downloaded from Piotr Leonidovich K apitza 367
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1932 (34)
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1941 (48)
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T h e c h a n g e o f e le c tric a l c o n d u c tiv ity in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s. I I . T h e a n a ly s is a n d th e in te r p r e t a t i o n o f th e e x p e r im e n ta l r e s u lts . P r o c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
342. ( W ith R. H . F
o w l e r ) M a g n e to s tr ic tio n a n d th e p h e n o m e n a o f th e C u r ie p o in t. P r o c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
M e ta llic c o n d u c tiv ity a n d its c h a n g e in a m a g n e tic field.
443
( G e r m a n ) . A p r o p e r t y o f s u p e r c o n d u c tin g m e ta ls . N a t u r e , L o n d . 123, 870.
M a g n e to s tr ic tio n o f d ia m a g n e tic s u b s ta n c e s in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s. N a t u r e , L o n d . 124, 53.
T h e c h a n g e o f re s is ta n c e o f g o ld c ry s ta ls a t v e ry low te m p e r a tu r e s in a m a g n e tic field a n d s u p r a - c o n d u c tiv ity , P r o c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
683;
713 ( G e rm a n ). M e th o d s o f e x p e r im e n tin g in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s.
425.
E x p e rim e n ta l s tu d ie s in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s. In P ro c e e d in g s o f th e 6 th S o l v a y C o n g re ss, L e M a g n e tis m e , p . 4 5 8 . P a ris: G a u th ie r - V illa r s . U s p . f i z . N a u k 11, 533
(1 9 3 1 ) (R ). T h e s tu d y o f th e m a g n e tic p r o p e r tie s o f m a tte r in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s. I. T h e b a la n c e a n d its p r o p e r tie s .
A
131, 224.
T h e s tu d y o f th e m a g n e tic p r o p e r tie s in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s I I . T h e m e a s u re m e n t o f m a g n e tiz a tio n . P r o c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
131, 243.
( W ith W . L . W eb st e r ) A m e th o d o f m e a s u rin g m a g n e tic s u s c e p tib ilitie s .
A
132, 4 42.
R e p ly to so m e re m a rk s b y O . S tie r s ta d t a b o u t a n e r r o r o f p r in c ip le in m y m e a s u re m e n ts o f th e c h a n g e in r e s is tiv ity in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s. Z . P h y s . 69, 421 ( G e rm a n ). T h e s tu d y o f th e m a g n e tic p r o p e r tie s in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields. I I I . M a g n e to s tr ic tio n .
A
135, 537.
T h e s tu d y o f th e m a g n e tic p r o p e r tie s in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields. IV . T h e m e th o d o f m e a s u rin g m a g n e to s tr ic tio n in s tr o n g m a g n e tic field s. P r o c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
556. T h e s tu d y o f th e m a g n e tic p r o p e rtie s in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields. V. E x p e rim e n ts on m a g n e to s tr ic tio n in d ia m a g n e tic a n d p a r a m a g n e tic s u b s ta n c e s . P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
568. ( W ith J. D . C
o c k c r o f t ) H y d r o g e n liq u e fa c tio n p la n t at th e R o y a l S o c ie ty M o n d L a b o ra to r y .
224.
T h e c h a n g e o f re s is ta n c e o f m e ta ls in m a g n e tic fields. L e ip z ig e r V o r tr d g e , p. 1. L e ip z ig : S. H irz e l. ( W ith P. A. M . D ir a c ) T h e re fle c tio n o f e le c tro n s fro m s ta n d in g lig h t w av es. P ro c . C a m b . p h il. S o c . 29, 297.
L iq u e fa c tio n o f h e liu m b y an a d ia b a tic m e th o d w ith o u t p re c o o lin g w ith liq u id h y d r o g e n . N a t u r e , L o n d . 133, 708.
T h e liq u e fa c tio n o f h e liu m b y an a d ia b a tic m e th o d . P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
189;
145 (1936) (R ). ( W ith C .
M il n e r ) A m o d ifie d p o te n tio m e te r fo r m e a s u rin g v e ry sm a ll re s is ta n c e . J . sc ie n t. I n s tru m . 14, 165.
( W ith C . J. M il n e r ) N o te o n th e u se o f liq u id n itro g e n in m a g n e tic e x p e rim e n ts . J . sc ie n t. In s tr u m . 14, 201.
V isc o sity o f liq u id h e liu m b e lo w th e ^ - p o in t. N a t u r e , L o n d . 141, 74;
D o k l. A k a d . N a u k 18, 21 (R ). (W ith P. G . S t r e lk o v & E. L a u r m a n n ) T h e Z e e m a n a n d P a s c h e n -B a c k effects in s tr o n g m a g n e tic fields. P ro c . R . S o c . L o n d . A
167, 1; Z h . ek sp . teo r. F i z . 8, 276
(R). E x p a n s io n tu r b in e p r o d u c in g low t e m p e r a tu r e s a p p lie d to a ir liq u e fa c tio n , y. P h y s . U S S R , 1, 7;
Z h . te k h . F i z . 9, 99
(R). In flu e n c e o f fric tio n fo rc e s o n th e s ta b ility o f h ig h - s p e e d ro to rs , y . P h y s . U S S R , 1, 29;
Z h . tek h . F i z . 9, 124 (R ). T h e s tu d y o f h e a t tr a n s f e r in h e liu m II.
181;
Z h . ek sp . teo r. F i z . 11, 1 (R). H e a t tr a n s f e r a n d su p e rflu id ity o f h e liu m I I . f . P h y s . U S S R 5, 59;
Z h . ek sp . teo r. F iz . 11, 581
(R); P h y s . R e v . 60, 354 (a b rid g e d v e rsio n ). O n P ro fe s s o r S. Y a. G e r s h ’s p a p e r ‘L o w a n d h ig h p re s s u re s in d e e p -c o o lin g s y s te m s ’.
N o . 7 /8 , p. 43 (R ). T h e o re tic a l a n d e m p iric a l e x p re ss io n s fo r th e h e a t tr a n s f e r in a tw o -d im e n s io n a l t u r b u le n t flow. D o k l. A k a d . N a u k 55, 595 (R ); C . r. A c a d . S c i. U R S S 55, 591.
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368 Biographical Memoirs (51)
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W a v e flow o f th in la y e rs o f a v isc o u s flu id . I. F re e flow . ek s p . te o r. 18, 3
W a v e flow o f th in la y e rs o f a v isc o u s flu id . I I . F lu id flow in th e p re s e n c e o f c o n tin u o u s g as flow a n d h e a t tra n s f e r . Z h . e k s p . te o r. F i z . 18, 19 (R )
1949 (W ith S. P . K a p it z a ) W a v e flow o f th in la y e rs o f a v isc o u s flu id . I I I . E x p e rim e n ta l s tu d y o f flow in th e w ave re g im e .
105 (R ). O n th e p r o b le m o f th e fo rm a tio n o f sea w a v e s b y th e w in d .
513 (R ). 1951 D y n a m ic a l s ta b ility o f a p e n d u lu m w ith a v ib r a tin g p o in t o f s u p p o r t Z h e k sp te o r F i z 21, 588 (R ). P e n d u lu m w ith a v ib r a tin g s u s p e n s io n .
44, 7 (R ). E v a lu a tio n s o f th e s u m o f n e g a tiv e e v e n p o w e rs o f ro o ts o f B essel fu n c tio n s
77, 561 (R ). I le a t c o n d u c tiv ity a n d d iffu s io n in a liq u id m e d iu m u n d e r p e r io d ic flow c o n d itio n s
9 6 4 (R ). 1955 T h e h y d r o d y n a m ic th e o ry o f lu b r ic a tio n in th e p re s e n c e o f ro llin g Z h te k h F i z 25 747 (R ). O n th e n a tu r e o f b a ll- lig h tin g .
245 (R ); P h y s . B l . Download 1.07 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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