Pokonferencyjna

THE GATHERING OF EARLY INFORMATION ABOUT ASIAN 
COUNTRIES AND CITIES IN EUROPE
Isoqov Sobirjon
Nam SU, social-economical faculty, history department
Annotation:
In this article early information was gathered which belongs ancient cities and coun-
tries in Asian roads and trade centre in Europe. As such, some opinion of travelers about 
ancient trade and trade centre in Asia. They wrote manuscripts during their adventures 
and this manuscripts had a lot of precious information.
Key words:
Pegolotti, Marco Polo, Tana( Azov), Urgench, Asia, Europe, trade, trade centre, The 
Great Silk Road, Golden Horde, Mongolia, Mongol king of Khubilai, Uzbekistan, 
traveler, ancient cities in Asia.

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PHILOLOGY,  SOCIOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY №14
enriching process of different cultures 
one another.” 
2
Trade caravans and traders delivered 
not only priceless goods, but also valuable 
information with them from a place to 
other ones. In this way, historical facts 
were gradually gathered. Apart from this, 
ambassadorship relationships and trade 
served as the basis for the collection of 
information about Asian counties. For 
example, Venetian trader, Marco Polo 
traveled to Mongolia and the far East for 
25years in the 13
th
 century. He described 
his adventures during his travel in the 
book “Marco Polo”. In this novel the social 
and economic life of China and Far East 
from 1271  to 1295  is described. He 
worked in the castle of Mongolian king 
Hubilai for 17 years and collected valua-
ble date about this country and they were 
printed in Europe.
Another Florencian traveler and trad-
er Franchesko Balduchchi Pegolotti was 
in Urgench in 1340. In his memories he 
wrote: “ It doesn’t matter to enter the in-
side of Asia.” Because it is possible to buy 
all of the necessary things for European 
markets from Urgench  – the centre of 
Khorasm. Whoever wants to travel here 
and China from Venetsia and Genua, let it 
take cloth and come to Urgench. And let 
it go to China by exchanging the cloth 
with silver.”
3
F. Pegolotti told that he had been to 
Antwerpen in 1315, to London in 1317, to 
Cyprus in 1324 – 1327 and 1330 on trade 
business in his book “Pegolotties Mer-
2   Каримов И.А. У́збекистоннинг у́з истиклол 
ва тараккиёт йу́ли. – Т.: У́збекистон, 1992.- Б.42.
3   Хенниг Р. Неведомъе земли. Т.1. – М.,1962. – 
С. 211.
chand Handbook”.
4
 And he wrote that he 
had been to Golden Horde in 1340  and 
dealt with trade business there. The book 
above was firstly printed in 18
th
 century 
by taking a copy of the manuscript which 
was copied in 1471. Later on, it was 
printed several times during 1916-1936 in 
London.
It was reflected historical information 
related to Pegolotti’s activity in this book. 
There are ones about Urgench among this 
information: From Saracanco to Organci 
[Urgench, on the lower Amu Darya R.] 
may be twenty days journey in camel-
waggon. It will be well for anyone travel-
ling with merchandize to go to Organci, 
for in that city there is a ready sale for 
goods. From Organci to Oltrarre (Otrar, 
in today’s Kazakhstan)
 
is thirty-five to 
forty days in camel-waggons. But if when 
you leave Saracanco you go direct to Ol-
trarre, it is a journey of fifty days only, and 
if you have no merchandize it will be bet-
ter to go this way than to go by Organci.”
5
It is clear by the information above 
that Urgench was totally convenient for 
merchants. The distances between trade 
roads and cities were clearly noted. Apart 
from this, it was noted what kind of prod-
ucts of Asia are in demand in the cities of 
Europe and the names of products which 
were exported from these areas. For in-
stance, many kinds of fur, silk cloth, and 
cumins were highly valued in Constan-
tinople. There are so many products like 
these. The Middle Age cities in the area of 
our country had trade- economic and 
4   Allen Evans.Pegolotti’s Merchant Handsbook.
(Cambridge,Ma., 1936). Page 1.
5   Allen Evans.Pegolotti’s Merchant Handsbook.
(Cambridge,Ma., 1936). Page 3. 

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114 
MONOGRAFIA POKONFERENCYJNA
cultural relationship with many cities 
which were located in the area of Russia 
by than north branch of the Great Silk 
Road. For example, they had trade rela-
tionship with Tana (Azov, at the mouth of 
the Don R.) Gintarchan (Astrakhan, at 
the mouth of the Volga R.)cities were 
given Pegolotti’s manuscript. he worked 
in Bardi Trade Company of Florece. He 
traveled to the east areas of Asia, products 
for European markets. Therefore in his 
memories he gave information about the 
cities and trade roads which he had been 
to. As we said above, the distances, among 
cities were also noted clearly, afterwards a 
lot of novelties were created in Europe by 
this information. For instance, the first 
maps of Central Asia were made in Eu-
rope during 14
th
 and 15
th
 centuries on the 
travelers and trades. They were the maps 
“Catalon” (1375) and “Fra Mauro” (1459). 
It was a bit easy to learn this continent 
and conduct trade relationship by these 
maps.
So, it was gathered early information 
about our Motherland in Europe and it 
was printed in different languages.
Used books:
1.  Karimov I.A. Yuksak ma’naviyat – yengil-
mas kuch. – T.: Ma’naviyat,2008.
2.  Каримов И.А. У́збекистоннинг у́з 
истиклол ва тараккиёт йу́ли.  – Т.: 
У́збекистон, 1992.
3.  Allen Evans.Pegolotti’s Merchant Hands-
book.( Cambridge,Ma., 1936).
4.  Хенниг Р. Неведомъе земли. Т.1.  – 
М.,1962. – С. 211.

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PHILOLOGY,  SOCIOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY №14
We can outline several reasons for 
producing digital learning material, in-
cluding the following:
1. facilitating instruction
2. enriching instruction by using mod-
ern media
3. improving remedial teaching
4. producing and distributing learning 
material more economically
5. developing the quality of learning 
material and
6. developing new teaching methods.