Power Plant Engineering

(6) Work, Energy
1 joule
= 1 Nm
= 1 watt-sec
= 2.7778 × 10
– 7
kWh
= 0.239 cal
1 cal
= 4.184 joule
= 1.1622 × 10
– 6
kWh
1 kWh
= 8.6 × 10
5
cal
= 3.6 × 10
6
joule
1 kgfm
= (1/427) kcal
= 9.81 joule
(7) Force
1 Newton
= 1 kg-m/sec
2
= 0.012 kgf
1 kgf
= 9.81 N
(8) Pressure
1 bar
= 750.06 mm Hg
= 0.9869 atm
= 10
5
N/m
2
1 N/m
2
= 1 Pascal
= 10
– 5
bar
= 10
– 2
kg/m-sec
2

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444
POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
1 standard
atmosphere
= 760 mm Hg
= 1.03 kgf/cm
2
= 1.01325 bar
= 1.01325 × 10
5
N/m
2
= 29.92 inches of mercury
= 10.332 m H
2
O
(9) Power
1 watt
= 1 joule/sec
= 0.86 kcal/sec
1 h.p.
= 735.3 Watt
1 kW
= 1000 Watt
= 860 kcal/h
(10) Temperature
°K
= 273 + °C
°R
= 460 + °F
where, °K = Degree Kelvin
°R = Degree Rankine
°C = Degree Centigrade
(11) Specific Heat
1 kcal/kg-°k
= 4.18 kJ/kg-k
(12) Thermal
conductivity
1Watt/m-k
= 0.8598 kcal/h-m °C
1kcal/h-m-°C
= 1.16123 Watt/m-k
= 1.16123 joules/s-m-k
(13) Heat Transfer
co-efficient
1watt/m
2
-k
= 0.86 kcal/m
2
-h-°C
1kcal/m
2
-h-°C
= 1.163 Watt/m
2
-k

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Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is
a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage
of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of fresh mined
anthracite generally is less than 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28
million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral matter- free basis. The heat content of anthracite coal
consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e.,
containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980’s anthracite refuse or
mine waste has been used for steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat con-
tent of 15 million Btu per ton or less.
Asphalt: A dark brown-to-black cement-like material obtained by petroleum processing and containing
bitumens as the predominant component; used primarily for road construction. It includes crude
asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emul-
sions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback as-
phalts.
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.
Aviation Gasoline: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quan-
tities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in aviation reciprocating engines.
Fuel specifications are provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military Specification MIL-G-
5572. Note: Data on blending components are not counted in data on finished aviation gasoline.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that are used for blending or compounding into
finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, and reformate). Excluded are oxy-
genates (alcohols and ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.