Практикум по грамматике английского языка : учебное пособие

WHO, WHICH, THAT as subjects of a defining relative clause
We use who, which, that in place of noun subjects or pronoun subjects 
(I, you, he, etc.) and we cannot leave them out.
I thanked the girl. She helped me. => I thanked the girl who 
helped me.
The car is mine. It is in front of the house. 
=> The car which is in front 
of the house is mine.
Did you see the letters ? They came yesterday. => Did you see the letters 
that came yes terday?

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who helped me / which is in front of the house / that came yesterday are de-
fining relative clauses. They tell us which person or thing the speaker means.
— Who is used for people
I spoke to the woman. She runs this hotel. 
=> I spoke to the wom-
an who runs this hotel.
— Which is used for things
The keys have disappeared. They were on this table. => The keys which 
were on the table have disappeared.
— That is used for both things and people in an informal style 
I spoke to the woman that runs this hotel.
The keys that were on the table have disappeared.
Exercise 20. Combine the two sentences using who for people and which 
for things.
Example: The man is happy. He has won the race.
The man who has won the race is happy.
What has happened to the money? It was on my desk.
What has happened to the money which was on my desk?
1. There is a small town in Sweden. It has an unusual hotel.
2. It’s the hotel. It is built from ice.
3. Nils Bergqvist is the man. He runs the ARTic Hall Hotel.
4. The 800 people have stayed at the hotel this winter. They liked it.
5. This is one of the ten ice rooms. It will cost you about £30 a night.
6. Quite a few people take part in the annual contest. They try to predict the 
day when the ice hotel will fall.
7. The person guessed the day correctly last year. He received a large paint-
ing from an ARTic Hall exhibition.
8. Nils is excited about a new ice hotel. It will be bigger and better.
9. She’s the person. She gives me a lift to work every day.
10. The man wasn’t English. He spoke to us.
11. What’s the name of the girl? She telephoned you.
12. The student is from the Ukraine. He is sitting next to me.
13. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.
14. He’s the man. He fixed my car.

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