Presentation in English by Aminov Rahmatjon, a student of group 4 b of the Faculty of History of Karakalpak State University named after Berdak


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angliski 1.1

  • Nukus - 2023

THEME : USE OF MODAL VERBS , CAN, COULD, OUGHT TO, MUST, HAVE TO

  • Modal fe`llar hech qanday harakatni ifodalamaydi. Ular faqat shaxsni ish harakatga nisbatan aloqasini ifodalaydi(mumkin/majbur/zarur). Modal fe`llarning Infinitive shakli bo`lmaydi va hech qachon "to" yuklamasi qo`yilmaydi. 3-shaxs hozirgi zamon birlik shakli mavjud emas, ya`ni fe`l oxiriga -s qo`yilmaydi: He can.=> U mumkin. She must. => U kerak etc…
  • Modal fe`llarni umuman Future (kelajak) zamonda ishlatib bo`lmaydi ya`ni shall/will bilan birga.
  • O`zidan keyin faqat "to" yuklamasi bilan birga fe`lning Infinitive talab qilinadi(faqat ought to ~ bundan mustasno).
  • Gapda har qanday modal fe`li kesim formulasidan oldin keladi, xuddi birinchi yordamchi fe`l vazifasiday, inkor gaplarda not yuklamasi modal fe`ldan keyin qo`yiladi.
  • Modal fe`llarni shartli ravishda ikki guruhga bo`lish mumkin:
  • 1-guruh: can/could/may/might.
  • could (Past)/can(Present) -jismoniy imkoniyat yoki bajara olishni ifodalaydi:
  • He can help you.=> U senga yordam berishi mumkin.
  • They could be seen here yesterday.=> Ular kecha ko`rishishlari mumkin edi.
  • You cannot (can`t) help him.=> Sen unga yordam berolmaysan.
  • 2-guruh (must/should/ought):
  • Bu uchta modal fe`l faqat Present shaklida mavjud ya`ni faqat hozirgi zamonda ishlatiladi va biror bir harakatni bajarishga majburlikni ifodalaydi.
  • Bu uchta fe`lni ma`nolarida harakatga aloqadorlik bo`yicha nozik farqlar mavjud:
  • must => majbur/kerak/lozim (qat`iy majbur/hech qanday qarshiliksiz majbur)
  • should => majbur/kerak/lozim (g`azablanish bilan/harakat bajarilishiga shubha bor)
  • ought to => majbur/kerak/lozim (mustga nisbatan kamroq qat`iy, ko`proq tavsiya/maslahat sifatida):
  • You must help her. => Sen unga yordam berishga majbursan.

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