Primary school education

TIPI


term paper
TOPIC: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS


PERFORMED BY STUDENT GROUP 22/51
STUDENT IN THE SPECIALTY
"PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION"
KHUDAYAROVA DILNOZA KAMILOVNA
CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 4
1 THE ADVENTURE OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS 7
1.1 History of the personal computer 7
1.2 Types of personal computers 10
1.2 Personal computer development trends and future technologies 12
CONCLUSION 15
LIST OF USED SOURCES 15

INTRODUCTION

Almost 27 years ago, on August 12, 1981, IBM launched the 5150 personal computer. This was not the first attempt to bring modern technology to the masses, but it was the IBM computer that was destined to revolutionize this area.
The price of a computer with 16 kilobytes of RAM was $1,565. Today, this memory would barely be enough for a couple of e-mails.
"It's hard to imagine what could be done on such a computer - because by today's standards it simply could not do anything," says Tom Standage, editor of the economics department of The Economist. spreadsheets - which was previously impossible"
The term "personal computer" existed before, but it was with the introduction of the 5150 that the words PC began to denote a machine compatible with IBM standards.
The Model 5150 was created by a team of 12 design engineers led by Don Estridge . He is often referred to as "the father of the IBM personal computer".
It took specialists about a year to create a computer from parts that could be bought from various manufacturers.
IBM wanted to create a computer with an "open architecture" - that is, allowing other manufacturers to make machines compatible with the IBM operating system. It was assumed that the company will be able to receive the main income from licensing its BIOS operating system.
However, other companies managed to get around the licensing problem, and soon the market was flooded with personal computers. At the same time, Microsoft began to play a leading role among operating systems .
Apple , the manufacturer of Macintosh computers, also conceived its revolution . The firm's strategy was the opposite - Apple was not going to allow others to install its operating system on computers. Despite the ease of use of Macintosh computers , they never managed to achieve a leading position - their market share in their best times did not exceed 10%.
Today in the world - a huge number of personal computers. A significant part of the world's population simply cannot imagine their life without smart machines that allow them to surf the Internet, write and receive letters, store huge amounts of information, listen to music, watch movies, edit photos and much, much more.
Recently, however, Ray Ozzy, Microsoft 's head of software development , told the firm's shareholders that the era of the personal computer is coming to an end.
"We're living in a different time where the Internet is at the very center of what a personal computer is for," Ray Ozzy said. "And so we need to look at things from a completely different angle."
As Tom Standage , editor of the economics section of The Economist, points out, such a statement by Microsoft , a company that made a lot of money thanks to personal computers, is an admission that the company needs to adapt to the demands of the times.
"The problem for Microsoft is that the growing importance of the Internet threatens the company with loss of income from the sale of its programs, - notes Standage . - And therefore Microsoft is just not interested in changing the status quo."
To date, there are already many devices that are ready to compete with a personal computer for the palm.
Among them - a new generation of multimedia PCs (the name has not yet been eliminated), which can connect to a TV and a host of other devices, as well as mobile phones and the so-called "handhelds" (PDAs).
But rumors of the imminent death of the personal computer may be somewhat exaggerated - even if this sector has not experienced recent growth, nevertheless, the computer industry still has sales of about $ 200 billion a year.
At the same time, in developing countries - for example, in China, as well as in some Latin American countries - the personal computer sector is growing by more than 10% annually.