Principle types of English Pronounciation American based pronounciation

Theme of the course work: Principle types of English Pronunciation (American based pronunciation).
The object of the study is the main features of American English.
The subject of the study is the history of the formation of American English and the features of American English in the field of phonetics.
The aim of the study is to systematize the main phonetic differences between the American variant and the British variant of the English language.
Research objectives:

• 
  Consider the historical stages of the origin of American English;
  
• 
  To identify the grammatical, phonetic and lexical features of the American variant of the English language;
  

Work structure:
The first chapter will consider the history of the formation of American English and the reasons for the differences between the two languages.
The second chapter of the work will be devoted to the phonetic, lexical and grammatical features of American English.
In conclusion, conclusions about the features of American English and its differences with the British version will be presented.

1.HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
Just three centuries ago, there was only one type of English, it was spoken by the inhabitants of Foggy Albion. British colonizers, traders, travelers brought it to other continents, where it evolved, changed and enriched. In the XVII – XVIII centuries, a crowd of immigrants poured into America in the person of the French, Spaniards, Germans, Dutch, Norwegians and even Russians. But most of them were from England, where English was spoken. Even then, the English language was not the same for all segments of the population: there were a lot differences in the speech of the aristocrats, the bourgeoisie and the peasants. The new population of America simply needed to communicate with each other, the choice fell on the langIuage that the majority spoke – English. But it was not aristocratic (royal) English, but the language of bourgeoisie and peassants, who, as a rule, did not have a sufficiently good education. Mass emigration to the new state – the United States of America – continued in the XIX – XX centuries. This is how American English arose, along with British and other variants of its development.
American English gained international importance after the Second World War, when the United States began to play an important role in the post-war reconstruction of the world, and advances in politics, economics, and modern technology allowed the United States to have a significant impact on the whole world. Today it is American English that has a dominant influence on “world English”. This is due to the following factors:

1. 
   Population (the number of native speakers of American English is 70% versus 17% of British English speakers of the total number of native English speakers).
   
2. 
   More powerful US economy compared to the British
   
3. 
   Numerical superiority of higher education institutions in the US compared to the UK.
   
4. 
   The scale of the US printing industry.
   
5. 
   The significance of the influence of the American media and information technology on a global scale.
   
6. 
   The appeal of American pop culture and its influence on the language and lifestyle of the entire globe.
   
7. 
   International political and economic situation in the USA.
   

The emergence of American English is the result of a long process that proceeded in parallel with and independently of the development of people who settled in a new place in order to lead a new way of life. They did not introduce new names for well-known concepts, but very often used old words with new meanings or borrowed new words from their native languages, and so today the same words in the UK and the US can have different connotations and meanings, even if they represent the same phenomena. Oscar Wilde wrote: “ The English have much in common with the Americans, except for the language itself”. In fact, the main part of the language material (lexical and grammatical) used in the UK and the USA has much in common, which does not allow us to interpret them as different languages.
American English and British English are variants of the same English. There are more similarities between them than differences, especially where the speech of educated people sounds or the language of science is used. The reason for most of the discrepancies is the peculiarities of the historical and cultural development of the two countries, the variety of local and regional idioms and set expressions, as well as the influence of the media and advertising. Both Americans and British laugh at each other and dislike each other’s languages. From the point of view of the British, American English is too direct and rude, and they regard their British English as the language of polite people. Americans, on the other hand , consider British English to be too strained, hypocritical language of snobs, and their native American English is friendly and welcoming.
It is worth nothing that about 70% of the words in the vocabulary of the language are borrowed. English writing is based on the Latin alphabet and has existed in this form since the 7^th century AD. The English alphabet is completely identical to the Latin and contains 26 letters. English-language proper names are transferred to Russian- language texts, relying on a very complex system of phonetics rules.
2. THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AMERICAN AND BRITISH ENGLISH