Read the text. Then choose the correct answer to questions 30-32

d. Defining the Word ''know''
Secularization as it has developed since the Middle Ages has consisted in substituting for supernatural and theological explanations naturalistic and reasonable ones. This change is one of the most profound affecting mankind and forms the basis of modern democratic government and of our scientific technological age. In a society based on divine right of kings there could be no genuinely democratic government in the modern sense. Democracy is built on the plan that the individual has a right to judge political issues for himself.
19. According to the text, with the rise of democracy ........................
a. supernatural ideas have given way to theological ones
b. scientific and technological progress has been neglected
c. secularization has lost its traditional meaning
d. the traditional concept of the ''divine rights of kings'' has vanished
20. It is argued that the process of secularization ........................ .
a. has had no impact on the concept of monarchy
b. goes back to pre-medieval times
c. has led to systems of democratic government
d. has no relevance to the exercise of individual rights
21. In the development of modern society ........................ .
a. medieval institutions have not been neglected
b. democracy has been of little significance
c. technological supremacy has been the ultimate aim 126


d. the impact of secularization has been of primary importance
The atom bomb and still more the hydrogen bomb have caused new fears, involving new doubts as to the effects of science on human life. Some eminent authorities, including Einstein, have pointed out that there is a danger of extinction of all life on Earth. I do not myself think that this will happen in the next war, but I think it may well happen in the next one but , if that is allowed to occur. If this expectation is correct, we have to choose within the next fifty years or so, between two alternatives. Either we must allow the human race to exterminate itself, or we must forgo certain liberties which are very dear to us.
22. It is stated that ........................ .
a. the scientist should ignore moral issues
b. Einstein seldom agreed with other scientists as regards the value of human life