Reading passages

66- The main concern of the passage is to .............

A) explain why there has been so little change in the development of paper making

B) describe how the West learned the techniques of papermaking
C) account for the economic implications of paper industry
D) give a historical account of papermaking with emphasis on the main raw materials used
E) alert the reader to the fact that very large amounts of timber are consumed in papermaking


Since early times is has been assumed that the actions of animals are unconscious. Behaviour, in this view, stems almost exclusively from instinct. If animals behave in ways that seem pretty clever, they do so without thinking about it. Animals may know things, the argument goes, but –they don’t know that they know. Or do they know? Recent research reports suggest a startling depth of intelligence among animals. Although no one can yet prove the existence of animal consciousness, the data offered make a compelling case of at least considering it.


67- It is pointed out in the passage that traditionally, animals are believed to ............. .
A) behave not instinctively but logically
B) have an intelligence comparable with man’s
C) imitate man in many ways
D) act on instinct
E) know exactly what they are doing


68- It is pointed out in the passage that modern research forces one to consider ............. .
A) why animals behave differently under different circumstances
B) the possibility of intelligence in animals
C) the means by which animal behaviour can be improved
D) how animals can be made to acquire new skills
E) animals to be the equal of man in intelligence


69- The passage makes it quite clear that, in the light of modern research, our traditional assumptions about animal behaviour .............
A) have been totally disproved
B) have been confirmed
C) have to be reconsidered
D) were indeed based on scientific facts
E) should never have been questioned


Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish inventor and philanthropist, bequeathed most of his vast fortune in trust as a fund from which annual prizes could be awarded to individuals and organisations whohad achieved the greatest benefit to humanity in a particular year. Originally, there were six classifications for outstanding contributions designated in Nobel’s will including, chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature, and international peace. The prizes are administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm. In 1969, a prize for economics endowed by the Central Bank of Sweden was added. Candidates for prizes must be nominated in writing by a qualified authority in the field of competition. Recipients in physics, chemistry, and economics are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of sciences; in physiology or medicine by the Caroline Institute; in literature by the Swedish Academy; in peace by the Norwegian Nobel Committee appointed by Norway’s parliament. The prizes are all presented in Stocholm on December, 10, with the King of Sweden officiating, an appropriate tribute to Alfred Nobel on the anniversary of his death. Each one includes a gold medal, a diploma, and a cash award of about one million dollars.