Reading passages

285 -The passage states that Britain is well - known for ---- .
A) making its heritage an endangered species
B) its attitude toward furry flying mammals
C) a unique pressure group known as the Movement against Bats 'in Churches
D) making messes inside its historical churches
E) being extremely fond of animals of all sorts

Babies whose mothers smoke during pregnancy could be at higher risk of growing up to be criminals, new research suggests. This is the first study to examine the relationship between mothers who smoke and their children's adult behaviour. The findings were based on data for 4,169 males born in Copenhagen between September 1959 and December 1961. Their arrest records at age 34 were studied. It was discovered that the number of cigarettes their mothers had smoked during the last third of their pregnancy affected the men's arrests for both violent and non -violent crimes. This was true even when other possible causes, such as use of alcohol, divorce, income, and home environment had been taken into consideration.

286 -The main idea of the passage is that --- .
A) smoking during pregnancy increases the possibility of the child committing crimes in adult life
B) pregnant women who smoke should be regarded as criminals and be punished
C) 4.169 males were born in Copenhagen between the years 1959 and 1961
D) most criminals are heavy smokers
E) most of the men at age 34 in Copenhagen have arrest records


287 -The research mentioned in the passage ---- .
A) concentrated on the effects of smoking before and after pregnancy
B) was a repetition of several previous studies, which were inconclusive
C) mainly dealt with the adult behaviour of the children of smoking mothers
D) worked with smoking mothers below the age of 34
E) studied only the last third of a mother's pregnancy


288 -From the passage, we can say that the researchers were careful because --- .
A) they monitored the lives of their subjects from birth to age 34
B) they chose subjects who had only committed minor crimes
C) all men born between September 1959 and December 1961 were studied
D) other possible causes of crime were also considered
E) they studied so many men from so many different countries
James Harrison thought he could make a fortune if he could freeze and transport surplus beef and mutton to England, where meat prices were very high. Ice -making machines had been developed in the, 1830s, but in order to keep the food frozen, a refrigeration machine had to be developed to ensure a stabilised temperature. Harrison patented his machine in 1857 and by 1873 had perfected his method. He arranged a special meal to celebrate his invention. The meat he served had been completely frozen for six months, but not one dinner guest could tell that it wasn't freshly slaughtered.