Realia in translation

LITERATURE REVIEW
If we look at the history many pessimists were against translating written works because they had thought that no written piece of work can be translated properly without mistakes. Translators’ skepticism and pessimism came to be known in the Middle Ages. Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) claimed that no poem can be translated without having its beauty and harmony spoilt. Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra (1547-1616) likened the works in translation to the wrong side of a Flemish tapestry: you can see only vague figures and cannot admire the bright colors of its right side.
Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), a German philologist and translator, stressed that “No word in one language is completely equivalent to a word in another language”, and that “each language expresses a concept in a slightly different manner, with such and such a denotation, and each language places it on a rung that is higher or lower on the ladder of feeling”.^[8]
“No matter what reasons might be given by theorists, translation practice has been proving that this concept is groundless. Translators have always attempted to be not just a “window open on another world” but rather “a channel opened”, through which foreign influences can penetrate the native culture, challenge it, and influence it”.^[9] Indeed, today we cannot imagine learning literature without the translated works of Shakespeare or Tolstoy, Pushkin along with the great Uzbek writers such as Navai, Abdullah Qadiri, Babur.
A handful of researchers have studied the analysis of realia. One of the early works was conducted by Nurlaily (2014) designated Types of Realia in Heather Webber’s Novel, “Truly, Madly”, and Their Translation Strategies into Bahasa Indonesia. To the researcher’s mind, the maintenance strategy was the most applicable strategy in translating the novel^[4]. Another researcher of realia was Cole (2013) cited that realia is a specific word that make reference to a locally used word or formation and phrase which cannot be translated as there is no equal correspondence in the target language – and there are still various methods for handling them.