Reja: Ilk o’rta asrlar davri madaniyati

mеzоnаlаr XYII аsrdа ishlаngаn.
Bu dаvrdа chеrkоvlаr, qаsrlаr, ibоdаtхоnаlаr, shахsiy uylаr Mоskvаdа ishlаb chiqаrilgаn g’ishtlаr bilаn mustаhkаm qilib qurilgаn. Ulаrning bа’zilаri bizning dаvrimizgаchа еtib kеlgаn.
Ivаn III yagоnа pul sistеmаsini jоriy qilаdi. Оdаtdа tаngаlаrgа Mоskvа suvоriysining rаsmi tushurilgаn. Lеkin gullаr zаrb qilingаn tаngаlаr hаm kеng tаrqаlgаn. Uning bir tоmоnidа bоychеchаk, ikkinchi tоmоnidа аtirgul surаti bo’lgаn. Ulаrdа хеch qаnаqа yozuv bo’lmаgаn. Bоshqа tаngаlаrdа esа, tаtаrchа yozuvdа Ivаn III ning nоmi yoki Mоskvа so’zi yozilgаn.
Umumаn, o’rtа аsrlаr dаvridа yarаtilgаn mаdаniyat tо bugungi kungаchа o’zining mаhоbаtini sаqlаb turibdi. Vаqt o’tishi bilаn ulаr milliy qаdriyatlаrgа аylаnib, хаlqimizning milliy iftiхоrigа аylаngаn. O’rtа аsrlаrdа ijtimоiy –iqtisоdiy hаyot nа fаqаt mаdаniy, bаlki ilmiy jihаtdаn hаm yuksаklаrgа ko’tаrilgаn.
O‘rta asrlarda Yevropa xududlarida tarqalgan xristian dini g‘oyalari hukmron bo‘lgan. Jamiyatning madaniy taraqqiyoti shu bilan bog‘liq holda taraqqiy qilgan. 1519 yilda F.Magillanning sayoxatidan keyin dunyo xalqlari o‘rtasidagi iqtisodiy, siyosiy va madaniy aloqalar yanada kuchaydi⁷.
In 1519, five ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan set out from the Spanish mainland. Nearly three years later a single vessel returned, having successfully circumnavigated the globe. This achievement came at a high cost: four ships had been lost, and only18 men out of 265 had staved off scurvy, starvation, and stormy seas to complete the journey. Magellan himself had died. But the survivors had become the first true world travelers. Unlike earlier adventurers who penetrated Eurasia and Africa, Magellan’s transoceanic passage connected these worlds with others that, from an Afro-Eurasian viewpoint, had been apart—the Americas. The voyages of Magellan and other European mariners intensified westerners’ contact with Asia’s vibrant commercial networks and gave Europeans access to a region they called the New World. Although Christopher Columbus did not intend to “discover” America when he went looking for Asia, his voyages convinced Europeans that there were still new territories to exploit and people to convert to Christianity. Moreover, in colonizing the Americas, Europeans drew on connections with West Africa.
Arxeologik jihatdan Buyuk Britaniya tarixi uch davrga bo`linadi. V asr boshlariga kelib rimliklar Britaniyana tashlab chiqib ketadilar.Ma`lumki II-VI asrlar Yevropa tarixida buyuk ko`chishlar davri nomini olgan,shu davrda butun G`arbiy yevropa bo`ylab tarqala boshlagan. German qabilalari Britaniyga ham kirib keldilar.German qabilalaridan bo`lgan Angllar,Sakslar va Yutlar Britaniya oroliga bostirib keldilar. Mahalliy Briton qabilalari bilan uzoq janglardan so`ng ular Britaniyaning hozirgi Uels qismida joylashdilar. O`zaro urushlardan foydalangan qo`shni hudud qabilalari va davlatlari Britaniyga bosqinchilik uyushtira boshlashdi.Shimol qabilalari va Daniyaliklar bir nech qirolliklarni vayron qilib ketdilar.Vesseks qiroli Alfred qirolliklarni bosqinchilarga qarshi birlashtiradi va ularni Britaniyadan haydab chiqardi. O`zaro urushlardan foydalangan qo`shni hudud qabilalari va davlatlari Britaniyga bosqinchilik uyushtira boshlashdi.Shimol qabilalari va Daniyaliklar bir nech qirolliklarni vayron qilib ketdilar.Vesseks qiroli Alfred qirolliklarni bosqinchilarga qarshi birlashtiradi va ularni Britaniyadan haydab chiqardi.
Alfred davrida Britaniya madaniyada yuksalishlar kuzatiladi,xususan, Alfred tomonidan flotga asos solindi.Budastlab mudofaa maqsadini ko`zda tutgan bo`lsada keyinchalik dengiz savdosining rivojlanishiga asos bo`ldi.Bu davrda Britaniyada yogochga ishlov berish ayniqsa rivojlandi.Junga ishlov berish,ko`nchilik,qurilish maqsadlarida foydalanish uchun toshga ishlov berish rivojlandi

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