Republic of uzbekistan andijan machine-building institute fundamentals of business management

Special economic laws— this is valid within a specific socio-economic system. They are clearly 
the laws of development of the historical economic form. For example, slavery, serfdom, 
"socialist" law of distribution and others. Separate or periodic-intermediate laws. These include 
laws specific to historical periods in which the conditions for their application have been preserved. 
These laws are characteristic of the relations that unite and connect different socio-economic 
systems without being related to special systems. For example, the laws specific to the market 
economy literally belong to this group. 
Universal economic laws. These are the laws that apply at all stages of the development of 
society, regardless of the specific social form of the economy. They usually represent the process 
of society's forward development. For example, the law of increasing needs, saving time, the 
deepening of the social division of labor and surpluses. In economics, certain ancient concepts-
categories are relied upon when studying various phenomena, processes, and the relations between 
them. It is necessary to distinguish economic categories from economic laws. Theoretical (logical) 
concepts representing the most important aspects of the economic life of the population are called 
economic categories. They are a scientific expression of real economic reality. For example, supply 
and demand, market, credit, etc. Economic categories are divided into special separate (periodic-
intermediate) general categories similar to economic laws, some are specific to a specific historical 
stage of economic development, some are specific to a long historical period, others are specific 
to all stages. Economic relations develop, one relation is replaced by another. Although another 
relationship is not fundamentally renewed, it is enriched, its new aspects appear. Because of this, 
new categories appear in economic theory. The content of the categories used will expand. For 
example, diversification, infrastructure, integration, etc. It studies theoretical categories and laws 
as a whole, regardless of which group they belong to. A system of categories and laws is 
characteristic of the economy, all interdependent, is a complex of interrelated laws and categories. 
In the process of running an economy, economic relations and connections are established between 
people. These relations are manifested in the form of a certain system. According to the well-
known economist V. Leontev, the economy of each country is a big system that includes various 
types of activities. Economic activity takes place in the conditions of a certain economic system. 
Economists define the economic system in different ways. For example, according to P. Gregory 
and R. Stewart, an economic system is a decision on production, income and its distribution within 
a certain geographical area. According to the well-known economist V. Leontev, the economy of 
each country is a big system that includes various types of activities. Economic activity takes place 
in the conditions of a certain economic system. Economists define the economic system in different 
ways. For example, according to P. Gregory and R. Stewart, an economic system is a decision on 
production, income and its distribution within a certain geographical area. According to the well-
known economist V. Leontev, the economy of each country is a big system that includes various 
types of activities. Economic activity takes place in the conditions of a certain economic system. 

---

Economists define the economic system in different ways. For example, according to P. Gregory 
and R. Stewart, an economic system is a decision on production, income and its distribution within 
a certain geographical area. 

---

is a set of mechanisms and institutions (procedures) for acceptance and its implementation. F. In 
the case of Pryor, an economic system includes all institutions, organizations, laws and regulations, 
beliefs, attitudes, traditions, values, prohibitions and moral schemes that directly or indirectly 
affect economic behavior and its results. describes that it includes Professor A. Olmasov introduces 
the following into the economic system: a) economic resources; b) economic ties or relations; c) 
economic mechanism; g) economic policy.1 The economic mechanism is the tools that ensure 
economic development and mutually require each other, including economic incentives 
(promoting forces), organization of production, exchange and consumption, specialization of 
economic activity, 
It is known thateconomic relations become complicated with social division of labor and 
its deepening. The emergence and development of various economic entities is taking place. As a 
result, there is a need to regulate relations and communications between them. Special political, 
legal and economic mechanisms are created for this purpose. They form the socio-economic 
system of society as a whole. So, what do we mean by a system? A system is understood as an 
interconnected whole consisting of various elements and parts, which is composed based on a 
certain order. The economic system represents the composition and regulation of economic 
relations, connections, and processes between various economic entities in the society as a whole, 
in a certain way. If an example of economic relations, processes is a chain, each economy, activity 
subject appears as a link of this chain. These connections and relations occur between people 
engaged in economic activities. That is why they are usually called socio-economic systems. In the 
economic literature, the economic system and its development trend are approached differently. 
Some people say that socio-economic systems should be defined according to the overall 
development trend of its component names. Because the main trend of development of systems is 
the desire for generality, unification. Others believe that economic systems should be studied with 
more emphasis on their differences, because their differences will lead to economic growth when 
a new economic system is qualitatively compatible. Today's world is characterized by the presence 
of various economic systems. They come into existence, develop, one replaces another in historical 
times. In order to better understand the life of society, it is of great importance to see its historical 
development process as a whole and analyze the stages and phases of development. One of the 
most widespread approaches to the development of society, socio-economic systems and their 
exchange is the formational approach. Based on the formational approach, legal stages of the 
historical development of society and five methods of material production are distinguished: 
primitive society, slavery, feudalism, capitalism and communism. In the materialist theory, 
systems are considered on the basis of property, class criteria and are called formation. The method 
of production is defined as the economic base, which represents the socio-economic formation 
together with the superstructure of the state. The method of production itself consists of ends of 
production and relations of production. Production forces consist of labor force or, in other words, 
people with certain skills and experience and means of production. Means of production consist of 
labor tools and labor materials. The relations of production consist of relations of ownership of 
means of production, the role of social groups in the production process, exchange of activities 
between them, distribution of the created products, consumption relations. The method of 
production itself consists of ends of production and relations of production. Production forces 
consist of labor force or, in other words, people with certain skills and experience and means of 
production. Means of production consist of labor tools and labor materials. The relations of 
production consist of relations of ownership of means of production, the role of social groups in 
the production process, exchange of activities between them, distribution of the created products, 
consumption relations. The method of production itself consists of ends of production and relations 
of production. Production forces consist of labor force or, in other words, people with certain skills 
and experience and means of production. Means of production consist of labor tools and labor 
materials. The relations of production consist of relations of ownership of means of production, 
the role of social groups in the production process, exchange of activities between them, 
distribution of the created products, consumption relations. Means of production consist of labor 
tools and labor materials. The relations of production consist of relations of ownership of means 
of production, the role of social groups in the production process, exchange of activities between 
them, distribution of the created products, consumption relations. Means of production consist of 
labor tools and labor materials. The relations of production consist of relations of ownership of 
means of production, the role of social groups in the production process, exchange of activities 

---

between them, distribution of the created products, consumption relations. 

---