Republic of uzbekistan samarqand state institute of foreign languanges faculty of foreign languages

Mark Twain’s Sentence Structure - Interestingly, Mark Twain is highly complex in his sentences. His syntax includes windy and complicated sentences with full and half clauses. It mostly happens in long sentences, but when they are short, they are very crispy, simple and straightforward. This passage from his novel, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, shows this fact. The below passage shows his long and short sentences. It also shows how he uses conversational sentences. Didn’t you want to go in a-swimming, Tom?”
A bit of a scare shot through “Tom––a touch of uncomfortable suspicion. He searched Aunt Polly’s face, but it told him nothing. So he said:
“No’m––well, not very much.”
The old lady reached out her hand and felt Tom’s shirt, and said:
“But you ain’t too warm now, though.” And it flattered her to reflect that she had discovered that the shirt was dry without anybody knowing that that was what she had in her mind. But in spite of her, Tom knew where the wind lay, now. So he forestalled what might be the next move:
“Some of us pumped on our heads––mine’s damp yet. See?”

Mark Twain’s Figurative Language - Mark Twain is highly conscious of using figures of speech. Specifically, in terms of using images, he turns to sensory images to describe his characters. Besides this, he also resorts to metaphors, similes and even personifications at different places in his writings. This passage from is novel, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, shows the use of figures of speech, such as the metaphors of interest and misfortune.

Within two minutes, or even less, he had forgotten all his troubles. Not because his troubles were one whit less heavy and bitter to him than a man’s are to a man, but because a new and powerful interest bore them down and drove them out of his mind for the time––just as men’s misfortunes are forgotten in the excitement of new enterprises. This new interest was a valued novelty in whistling, which he had just acquired from a negro, and he was suffering to practice it undisturbed.

Mark Twain’s Rhythm and Component Sounds - Regarding rhythm, Mark Twain depends on different rhythmic techniques, which include repetition and polysyndeton. Besides this, he also molds his sentences to make them fluent, direct and simple, along with making group words to stand out at places where he wants. He also uses consonant and vowel sounds carefully to create rhythmic flow in his prose. The above passage shows the use of different sounds such as /d/, /h/ and /s/ in different sentences at different intervals. This passage occurs in his novel, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

Mark Twain’s Rhetorical Pattern- Regarding his prose, Mark Twain depends on narrative and comparative techniques to make his narrative rhetoric impactful and strong. For example, he constantly compares characters in both adventures of Tom Sawyer as well as Huck Finn. Besides, he compares events and places and narrates them according to the nature of his audience. Regarding strategies, he excessively relies on repetitions, rhetorical questions and polysyndetons. The latent irony, besides these, adds to the forcefulness of his narrative argument. This passage shows the use of some of these techniques.

The summer evenings were long. It was not dark, yet. Presently Tom checked his whistle. A stranger was before him––a boy a shade larger than himself. A new comer of any age or either sex was an impressive curiosity in the poor little shabby village of St. Petersburg.
This boy was well-dressed, too––well-dressed on a week-day. This was simply astounding. His cap was a dainty thing, his closebuttoned blue cloth roundabout was new and natty, and so were his pantaloons. He had shoes on––and it was only Friday.

Mark Twain’s Themes -Although Mark Twain is quite open in his themes, he is somewhat implicit in places regarding tabooed themes. For example, The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin shows the theme of racism and slavery openly but of shame and guilt implicitly. It also shows his themes of hypocrisy, moral education, civilization, adventurism, and empathy at work when Huck goes through different adventures and comes across different people at different places.

2.2.Mark Twain’s most famous works?

During his lifetime Mark Twain wrote more than 20 novels. His most famous novels included The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), which are loosely based on Twain’s boyhood experiences in Missouri. Twain also wrote numerous short stories, most notably “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” (1865).

Realism and Naturalism-The human cost of the Civil War in the United States was immense: more than 2.3 million soldiers fought in the war, and perhaps as many as 851,000 people died in 1861–65. Walt Whitman claimed that “a great literature will…arise out of the era of those four years,” and what emerged in the following decades was a literature that presented a detailed and unembellished vision of the world as it truly was. This was the essence of realism. Naturalism was an intensified form of realism. After the grim realities of a devastating war, they became writers’ primary mode of expression.¹

Samuel Clemens was a typesetter, a journalist, a riverboat captain, and an itinerant laborer before he became, in 1863 at age 27, Mark Twain. He first used that name while reporting on politics in the Nevada Territory. It then appeared on the short story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” published in 1865, which catapulted him to national fame. Twain’s story was a humorous tall tale, but its characters were realistic depictions of actual Americans. Twain deployed this combination of humor and realism throughout his writing. Some of his notable works include
Major novels: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 
Travel narratives: The Innocents Abroad , Roughing It Life on the Mississippi 
Short stories: “Jim Baker’s Blue-Jay Yarn” , “The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg”
Naturalism, like realism, was a literary movement that drew inspiration from French authors of the 19th century who sought to document, through fiction, the reality that they saw around them, particularly among the middle and working classes living in cities.
Theodore Dreiser was foremost among American writers who embraced naturalism. His Sister Carrie is the most important American naturalist novel.
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets and The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane, and McTeague , The Octopus , and The Pit , by Frank Norris, are novels that vividly depict the reality of urban life, war, and capitalism.
Mark Twain's America came from my desire to understand the author’s persistent and pervasive influence. Thanks to the internet and digital publishing, Twain is read more widely now than ever. His river novels remain required reading for young students, his social commentary and legendary aphorisms appear widely and daily on social networks. He is considered the most American of writers, and he thought of himself that way. His blistering criticisms of our politics and culture resonate today. He appealed equally to Main Street and Wall Street, spanning social, economic, and racial divides with brilliant wit and deep conviction. Twain was, in many respects, a man outside his time. By stepping back and taking a critical look back through period images and illustrations, we can more fully appreciate his unique character and remarkable contributions.