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Co-optation

Movements  can  also  decline,  if  their  organizations  are  highly 

dependent on centralized authority or on charismatic leadership, 

through co-optation.  Co-optation occurs when movement lead-

ers come to associate with authorities or movement targets more 

than with the social movement constituents.  For example, a leader 

could be asked to work for the organization that is the target of 

a movement with offers of being able to change things from the 

inside.  Instead they themselves become integrated into the orga-

nization and take on its values, rather than the social movement’s 

values.    Leaders  could  also  be  paid  off  by  authorities  or  target 

groups who ask them to redirect their activities in exchange.




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