Sadc region
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- Four in five poor urban households are chronically food insecure in Southern Africa
- Poverty and urban food insecurity are directly related
- Price increases directly reduce household food security
- Health outcomes (including HIV and AIDS) are worst for food insecure households
- Urban agriculture is not a major source of food amongst poor households
- Female headed households experience the greatest levels of food insecurity
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AFSUN Policy Brief SADC REGION
Overview of the Study
The rate of urbanization in the SADC region is twice that of the global average. Whereas food poverty has historically been associated with rural communities, this is no longer the case. With sustained urbanisation, the locus of poverty is now shifting from rural to urban areas in the region. The recent sharp rise in food prices, coupled with an economic downturn, all suggest that poor urban households are experiencing a widening food gap. However, there has been little empirical evidence that quantifies the prevalence of food insecurity in the towns and cities of Southern Africa. In response to this paucity of data, the Urban Food Security Baseline Survey was undertaken by the African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) in late 2008 which collected data from approximately 6,500 households and 28,700 individuals in eleven cities in nine SADC countries. The data supports the assumption that urban poverty is associated with high levels of food insecurity at the household level, with 77 percent of poor urban households surveyed reporting conditions of food insecurity’. Moreover, the median household dietary diversity score is five (out of 12), and 81% of households had experienced months of inadequate food provisioning during year preceding the survey. Chronic food insecurity is therefore pervasive in urban centres in Southern Africa.
Key Findings Four in five poor urban households are chronically food insecure in Southern Africa (77%). Urban food insecurity is experienced at the levels of the household and the individual. While aggregate food supplies may be sufficient at the metropolitan scale, access to that food is highly inequitable in SADC cities.
at least two thirds of households surveyed living below national poverty lines. The data show that those households with the highest Lived Poverty Index score and the lowest incomes experience the greatest levels of food insecurity.
78% of households reported going without food in the past six months as a direct outcome of food price increases.
transfers in the past year from elsewhere, with food insecure households receiving 84% of all food transfers recorded.
food insecure households, with a total for all cause morbidity and mortality reported amongst food secure households of 34%, compared with rates amongst food insecure households that were significantly higher at 57%. Urban agriculture is not a major source of food amongst poor households, with only seven percent growing their own food. In contrast, food is obtained from a wide variety of other sources, including supermarkets (25%), small shops, restaurants/take‐aways (21%), and informal and street food (22%), while 26% of households also obtain food from sources that may be described as ‘coping strategies’. Female headed households experience the greatest levels of food insecurity, with 35% of female centred households food insecure, compared with 12% of male centred households. Policy Issues While food supply is generally adequate at the city level in Southern Africa, citizens do not have equal or universal access to sufficient food, and food that is consumed is often highly processed and devoid of good nutrition. Supporting local food production is therefore important in promoting livelihoods and health within the city, reducing costly food imports, using local waste productively and contributing to sustainable urban development. An increase in local food production necessitates the development and support of local level, neighbourhood‐accessible marketing systems to distribute produce throughout the city, to wealthy and poor alike. Links to higher order production systems and retail value chains are also required. In order to realize these goals of creating a healthy, vibrant and prosperous city around the basic need of food requires an enabling and supportive environment – food (in all is complexity) must be fully integrated into the planning and management systems of the city, further enabled and supported by provincial and national level line ministries. The findings of the Urban Food Security Baseline Survey provide the starting point for quantifying prevailing urban food security conditions in SADC cities and defining the central policy questions that arise.
AFSUN’s first funded project is Urban Food Security and HV/AIDS in Southern Africa and is supported by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) under its University Partners in Cooperation and Development (UPCD) Tier One Program. The project is being implemented in the cities of Blantyre, Cape Town, Durban Metro, Gaborone, Harare, Johannesburg, Lusaka, Maputo, Maseru, Manzini and Windhoek. Contact Dr. Bruce Frayne, Programme in Urban Food Security (PUFS) Department of Environmental and Geographical Science University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 South Africa Bruce.Frayne@uct.ac.za www.afsun.org Download 19.86 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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