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Anadiplosis
A less common literary device, the anadiplosis, may also be found. Anadiplosis is when a writer ends a phrase with a word and starts the next phrase with the same word. Hamlet says:
Hamlet: To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream
One phrase ends with 'to sleep,' and the next phrase begins with the same set of words: 'to sleep.' This literary device creates a flow and connection between the two phrases.
Anaphora
Anaphora, repeating the same word at the beginning of each phrase, is present in the play when Polonuis speaks:
Polonius: Doubt thou the stars are fire;
Doubt that the sun doth move;
Doubt truth to be a liar;
But never doubt I love.
The word 'doubt' is repeated at the beginning of each phrase, except for the last phrase. The point of this literary device is to repeat the things to doubt to build correlation, and then emphasize in the last line that his love cannot be doubted.
Alliteration
A more common device, alliteration, or the repetition of the same sound or letter in words, is found in too many instances to count throughout the play. Some of these examples include:

• 
  O, 'tis too true!
  
• 
  bare bodkin
  
• 
  single spies
  
• 
  bad begins
  

Allusion

It is when some distant idea, event or place or something is referred to in the text. Shakespeare alludes from a rich variety in this play. Mostly from Greek and Roman myths such as “the mightiest Julius”, “Like Niobe, all tears”, “Hyperion to a satyr”, “Than I to Hercules.”

Irony

Dramatic Irony is one major device used across the play to engage the readers with its development. Like the Ghost has revealed the reality to Hamlet but it isn’t known to Claudius or Gertrude or any other major characters.
In the end of the play, when Claudius has arranged the fencing match and poisoned the sword and wine but Hamlet doesn’t know.
Pun
Hamlet is also full of puns. For example,

• 
  Not so, my lord, I am too much in the sun. (Act-I, Scene-II, Line, 67)
  
• 
  I’ll make a ghost of him that lets me. (Act-I, Scene-II, Line, 85).
  
• 
  You are the Queen, your husband’s brother’s wife. (Act-III, Scene-IV, Line,
  

In both of these examples, Hamlet plays upon the word “sun” in the first line that means “son” and “ghost” in the second line that means that he would kill that person who stops him.
Imagery
Imagery means to use visually descriptive statements. For example,

• 
  O Hamlet, what a falling-off was there. (Act-I, Scene-V, Line, 47)
  
• 
  That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain.
  At least I am sure it may be so in Denmark. (Act-I, Scene V, Lines, 108-109)
  
• 
  Mad as the sea and wind, when both contend
  Which is the mightier. (Act-IV, Scene-I, Line, 7-8)
  

These lines show the sensory images that Shakespeare has used sparingly in the entire play. There are countless examples of excellent use of imagery that the readers have to use five senses to understand the underlying meanings.