parallelism
The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences.
paraphrase
To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words.
parliamentary procedure
A set of formal rules that establishes an order of business for meetings and encourages the orderly, fair, and full consideration of proposals during group deliberation.
participative leader
A leader who seeks input from group members and gives them an active role in decision-making.
patchwork plagiarism
Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own.
pathos
The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.
pause
A momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech.
peer testimony
Testimony from ordinary people with first-hand experience or insight on a topic.
periodical database
A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of journals or magazines.
personalize
To present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience.
personification
A figure of speech in which nonhuman or abstract subjects are given human qualities.
persuasion
The art of convincing others to give favorable attention to our point of view.
persuasive speech
A speech designed to change or reinforce the audience's attitudes, beliefs or actions.
pictographs
On a chart, a visual image symbolizing the information it represents.
pie graph
A graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns.
pitch
The position of a human voice on the musical scale.
plagiarism
Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own.
plan
The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?
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