proxemics
The study of how human beings use space during communication.
Q
qualifiers
Words that suggest the degree of confidence a speaker has in the conclusion of his or her argument.
question of fact
A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.
question of policy
A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.
question of value
A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.
quoting out of context
Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.
R
rate
The speed at which a person speaks.
reasoning
The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.
reasoning from principle
Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.
reasoning from specific instances
Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.
receiver apprehension
Fear of misinterpreting, inadequately processing and/or not being able to adjust psychologically to messages sent by others.
recency
Ensuring that the information in a speech is the latest that can be provided.
red herring fallacy
The use of irrelevant material to divert attention.
reference work
A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers.
reflective-thinking method
A five-step method for directing discussion in a problem-solving small group.
refutative design
A persuasive speech design in which the speaker tries to raise doubts about, damage, or destroy an opposing position.
reinforcer
A comment or action that encourages further communication from someone being interviewed.
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