Science and technology studies

Technoscience[edit]
Main article: Technoscience
Technoscience is a subset of Science, Technology, and Society studies that focuses on the inseparable connection between science and technology. It states that fields are linked and grow together, and scientific knowledge requires an infrastructure of technology in order to remain stationary or move forward. Both technological development and scientific discovery drive one another towards more advancement. Technoscience excels at shaping human thought and behavior by opening up new possibilities that gradually or quickly come to be perceived as necessities.^[10]
Recently, an Italian sociologist has studied the relationship with the history of science, which is underestimated by modern STS sociologists. Instead, it is worth emphasising the links that exist between the production of books on the history of science and technology and the study of the relationship between science and technology within a framework of social developments. We must always consider the generational leap between historical periods and scientific discoveries, machine building, creation of tools in relation to technological change occurring in very specific situations. From this point of view, the study of the motives of scientific history is important for studying the development of technoscience. And also for its sociological benefit ( Cfr. Guglielmo Rinzivillo, Raccontare la tecnoscienza. Storia di macchine, strumenti e idee per fare funzionare il mondo, Roma, Edizioni Nuova Cultura, 2020, ISBN 978-88-3365-349-5; ISSN 2284-0567).
Technosocial[edit]

It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Technosocial. (Discuss) (June 2015)

"Technological action is a social process."^[11] Social factors and technology are intertwined so that they are dependent upon each other. This includes the aspect that social, political, and economic factors are inherent in technology and that social structure influences what technologies are pursued. In other words, "technoscientific phenomena combined inextricably with social/political/ economic/psychological phenomena, so 'technology' includes a spectrum of artifacts, techniques, organizations, and systems."^[12] Winner expands on this idea by saying "in the late twentieth century technology and society, technology and culture, technology and politics are by no means separate."^[13]