Sector Assistance Program Evaluation on Education in Uzbekistan

 
Primary Secondary Tertiary 
Country 
1990 2007 1990 
2007 
1990 2007 
Afghanistan 0.55 
0.63 
0.50 
0.38 0.50 
0.28 
(2004) 
Armenia … 
1.03 
… 
1.05 
… 
1.20 
Azerbaijan 0.99 
0.99 
1.00 
0.96 
0.69 
0.88 
Georgia … 
0.97 
… 
1.00 
… 
1.12 
Kazakhstan
1.00 
1.00 
1.02 
0.99 
1.25 
1.44 
Kyrgyz Republic 
1.02 
0.99 
1.06 
1.01 
1.08 
1.30 
Pakistan 0.48 
0.82 
0.50 
0.76 
0.50 
0.85 
Tajikistan 0.97 
0.96 
0.94 
0.84 
0.54 
0.38 
Turkmenistan 
0.99 
… 
1.02 
… 
1.15 
… 
Uzbekistan 1.00 
0.97 0.92 
0.98 1.11 
0.71 
… = not available. 
Sources: ADB. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific. (various issues). 
28. 
Despite national laws and programs, the promotion of gender equality in public and 
political life encounters substantial problems such as shortage of resources, stereotypes of 
traditional culture and poor marketing techniques. With all the commitment to gender equality 
ideas, it can be observed that there are no women at higher levels, a low percentage of female 
representatives among government officials and middle executives, and even in the sphere of 
education management, notwithstanding the high number of women teachers, educational 
establishments are headed mainly by men. All this calls for development and acceptance of 

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complex measures and state strategies aimed at ensuring equal rights and opportunities for 
men and women, advancing the role and status of women.
26
29.