Self-study 1 Task Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answer
Task 8.2. Read and write the summary to the given text
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SELF STUDY (1)
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Task 8.3. Letter writing
- Task 8.4. Speaking.
- Task 9.2. Read and write the summary to the given text Sole proprietorship
- Task 9.3. Letter writing
- Task 9.4. Speaking.
- Task 10.2. Read and write the summary to the given text The partnership
- Task 10.3. Letter writing
- Task 10.4. Speaking.
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Task 8.2. Read and write the summary to the given text The corporation A corporation is a business that is legally regarded as a separate entity. An entity is defined as “something that exists independently”. That means that, as far as the law is concerned, the corporation exists separate from the people who own it. It has a life of its own. As a consequence, owners in a corporation have limited liability. With limited liability, the owners are responsible for the debts of the business only to the extent of the amount they have invested. Even if the business fails, the owners cannot lose more that they have invested. Their personal savings and possessions cannot be taken to pay the corporation’s debts. Some corporations have offices and plants in more than one country. These are called multinational corporations. Indeed, they may operate in several countries. The original owners of the corporation may decide to issue stock, or shares in the ownership. The new owners, called stockholders, pay a certain amount for their shares, many buying the stock through a stock exchange. Each stockholder has one vote in the management of the corporation for each share of stock he or she owns. Most companies hold an annual meeting for stockholders. In addition, they issue an annual report giving full information about the year’s activities. Since the owners have limited liability, corporation often find it easier to get additional money by selling stock. The corporation also has unlimited life. Because it is a legal entity quite apart from the owners, the corporation does not end if one or more owners decide to sell their shares. Ownership can easily be transferred to new stockholders, and the corporation goes on. One major disadvantage of a corporation is that it is subject to special taxes. Owners are taxed on their income from the corporation. Then the corporation itself, which is legally regarded as a person, is also taxed. In one sense, this is double taxation. A corporation is more difficult to start than proprietorship or partnership. A charter, a legal form giving the corporation the permission to operate, must be obtained. Corporations are more closely regulated by government than other business organizations. For instance, before a state issues a charter, an application must be filled out the owners and certain fees must be paid. Only after the application is approved and a charter is issued can the owners draw up the bylaws, or rules of operation, for the corporation. Those bylaws also outline the officers of the business. Task 8.3. Letter writing You have just started a course in a college which has no sports facilities of its own. Write a letter to the manager of the nearest private sports club. In your letter introduce yourself say why you are interested in this sports club ask some questions about the club e.g. facilities, members, costs Begin as follows: Dear Sir or Madam,
a) - c) the b) a d) an
a) of c) down b) on d) off
a) at c) for b) in d) because of 4. My mother passed her driving test yesterday. She ... to drive for two years. a) learn c) has been learning b) was learning d) had been learning
a) well c) the best b) better d) most
a) Must c) Ought b) Can d) May
a) - c) the b) a d) an
a) many c) the most b) more d) much
a) - с) а b)the d) an 10. English kitchens, like the English language, absorbed ... ingredients from all over the world - chickens, rabbits, apples, and tea. a) the с) а b) - d) an 11. The British always ... food from abroad. a) import c) have imported b) has imported d) imported 12. We live in a global village, but how ... do we know and understand each other? a) good c) best b) better d) well 13. In the Middle East you ... take care not to admire anything in your hosts' home. They will feel that they have to give it to you. a) must c) should b) can d)could 14. You should not expect the Japanese to shake ... . Bowing the head is a mark of respect in Japan. a) hand c) a hand b) hands d) the hands
a) low c) lowest b) much lower d) the lowest 16. We ... for three hours when we saw the house in the distance. a) drive c) drove b) were driving d) had been driving
a) turn c) has turned b) had turned d) would turn 18. Agatha Christie ... at home. She didn't go to school. a) has educated c) had educated b) had been educated d) was educated
a) historical c) detective story b) short story d) criminal story
b) fathers' d) father Task 9.2. Read and write the summary to the given text Sole proprietorship Without businesses, we could not meet our wants and needs. They provide the organization for producing goods and services efficiently and in large quantities. They have given our consumers one of the highest standards of living. A sole proprietorship is a business or firm owned by one person. Sole proprietorships are often found in businesses offering services to consumers. Examples of sole proprietorships are clothing shops, travel agencies, florists, TV repair shops, and so on. The sole proprietorship has several advantages. First, it is simple to start. Depending on local laws, the only requirement for starting a sole proprietorship may be a license. Second, because the business is owned by one person, that person is free to do as he or she pleases. When you are sole proprietor, you are the boss. No one tells you how to run your business. A third advantage is that you receive all of the profits. You have good reason to work hard for all of those benefits. A fourth advantage comes when the sole proprietor is paying taxes. A sole proprietor pays taxes only once on the income from the firm. A sole proprietorship has some disadvantages, too. Although a sole proprietorship may be easy to start, its owner may have trouble getting money. Maybe you have to dip into savings or borrow money from a bank. Friends may come through with a loan – although you may have to pay interest on it. A shortage of money is a common problem for sole proprietorship because they depend on the resources and abilities of just one person. Another disadvantage of the sole proprietorship is that the business ends when the owner leaves. A sole proprietorship has a limited to the time the owner is willing and able to run the business. Most sole proprietorships remain small business. When it comes to buying materials, small size can be a handicap. A reduction in price, or discount, is often given for buying in large amounts, saving time and money in collecting and shipping goods. Such a discount may not be available to a small firm. Still another problem with a small but growing sole proprietorship is that the owner may not be able to all of the work. The owner may be able to hire some family members or be forced to employ other workers. It is nice to be your own boss and to make 100 percent of the profits, but what if the business does not make a profit? You are 100 percent responsible for the losses! There is no one to share them with. In addition, as the owner you must make all of the decisions. Even if you do not have the special skills to make all kinds of decisions in the right way, it is still your show. If the debts of the proprietorship are greater than the things it owns, or its assets, the owner is still held responsible for the difference. Responsibility for debts – even if they are more than the assets of the business – is called unlimited liability. In some cases the owner may lose savings or property to pay the business`s debts. Task 9.3. Letter writing Letter to complain about a holiday. Write a letter to complain if your package holiday didn't meet the brochure description, or was spoilt by problems like building work or noise. In your letter: state what you dislike about; describe your problems; find out if a refund is possible; Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir or Madam, Task 9.4. Speaking. What is sole proprietorship in business? Self-study 10 Task 10.1.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answer 1. What is the world's biggest office? - I think ... Pentagon is the largest office in the world. a) - с) а b) the d) an 2. They ... across a field when they were attacked by a bull. a) walked c) had been walking b) have been walking d) were walking
a) looked c) had been looking b) was looking d) has been looking
a) worked c) was working b) had been working d) has been working 5. ... of the guests have arrived yet. a) None c) Either b) Neither d) Somebody 6. ... people go to the cinema these days. They prefer to see films at home. a) Fewer c) Little b) Less d) The least 7. ... policeman in the country is looking for the killer. a) Each . c) Everybody b) Every d) All 8. What I like about London is the fact ... it never sleeps. a) that c)then b) than d)because 9. I found it difficult to get around London when I first came, but I ... to it now. a) used c) use b) am used d) have used 10. Born in Holland in 1853, Vincent Van Gogh is one of the world's most famous ... . a) writers c) painters b) poets d) musicians
a) are they c) are there b) aren't there d) aren't they
b) am used d) had used 13. ... , whose real name was William Sydney Porter, was an American short story writer. a) J. London c) 0. Henry b) E. Hemingway d) G. B. Shaw
b) London d) Poet's Corner 15. If you ... in a warmer climate, you won't get so many colds.
a) live c) have lived b) will live d) will be living 16. He told her not to eat it, explaining that there ... a risk of food poisoning. a) is c) will be b) was d) has been 17. What is the antonym to the word "small"? a) tiny c) large b) poor d) little
a) the c) - b) a d) an
a) steal c) was stolen b) has stolen d) has been stolen
a) are c) has been b) is d) will be
A person who starts a sole proprietorship may find that it grows and grows. More money must be found to expend the business, and that isn`t easy. Banks want certain guarantees before they make loans, even to old, successful business. One way, then, to expand a business is to add skills and spread out the responsibility by forming a partnership. A partnership is a business organization with two or more owners who share responsibility. Starting the partnership has few requirements. Depending on the nature of the business, a partnership may need a license. The partners should draw up a partnership agreement, a kind of contract in which they declare certain understandings between them. For instance, they put into writing how they will share the work and profits, how they will end the partnership, and other matters. A written agreement from the start may prevent problems later on. It spells out the duties of each partner so that each knows exactly that responsibilities are his or her. Each partner can contribute skills, as well as money, to running the business. One advantage of a partnership is that each partner can bring special skills to the business. Another advantage is that, unlike sole proprietorships, partnerships find it easier to acquire money because there are more owners who can contribute to the business. All partners who share in the business have good reasons to work hard for its success. Each shares in the profits according to the partnership agreement. Like the income of the sole proprietorship, the income of the partnership is taxed only once. Certainly the partnership has disadvantages. Like sole proprietors, partners have unlimited liability for debts. Wrong decisions may cause the business to lose money. However, even with a partnership agreement, partners may disagree. Those disagreements may become such a problem that the partners no longer can work together. The partnership agreement should provide for adding new partners and for ending the partnership, to avoid problems. The partnership is also legally ended if one partner decides to leave the partnership or dies. Many partnership agreements provide a way for the remaining partner or partners to buy the share of ownership of a partner who leaves the business or dies. By having a partnership agreement that allows the partners to do this, they can keep the business and continue it as a new one.
Write a letter to the management of the .hotel. In your letter: - explain what you like about the supermarket; - say what is wrong with it; - suggest how it could be improved. Do not include any address. Write your letter in an appropriate style in 150 words on your answer sheet. You do not need to write your address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir or Madam, Task 10.4. Speaking. What Is the Financial Contribution of Each Partner? Download 60.22 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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