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Lecture 4
Types of communication
Plan

1. 
   Preliminary remarks.
   
2. 
   Communication types.
   
   1. 
      Verbal communication.
      

2.b. Non-verbal communication.
2.c. Interaction of verbal and non-verbal communication.

1. 
   Preliminary remarks
   

Humans live their daily lives through a series of communications without which nothing in this world would be achievable. The medium through which men convey their innermost thoughts and will are expressed through a variety of communication channels. When we take a closer look at the number of expressions and responses that human beings make eveiyday we begin to understand the types of communication that exists in the world. The types of communication that the humans use come in different forms. It may be verbal, which means that there is the use of words, and nonverbal which denotes communication through actions and behaviors. It can also denote whether an event is formal or non-formal. The types of communication used indicate that some things can be described with the use of words or paragraphs. There are also things that words could not fully describe. Sometimes only an action or gesture could express the real meaning that the speaker is trying to convey. Different types of communication open your mind to all the things that are happening daily in our lives. If a person knows only verbal communication and has no inkling that nonverbal communication is possible, then he/she is an alien in that realm of communication. Without the existence of a variety of communication options, your life would be a less rich experience. Knowing only the verbal side or the nonverbal side may lead the one to miss out the things you want to do.
The types of communication do not only happen in the world of humans. Animals also have their own types of communication. Even the birds and the fish have their methods of communicating. Even plants have their own ways of talking to one another. We can assume that all living creatures have their own forms of communication which are understandable only to them. We may never fully understand the communication of birds and other animals. We can only assume what is being conveyed but never fully comprehend it. This is the same with people. We would never folly relate to the way that members of other species communicate with each other. Learning various types of communication available to us, enables us to enhance our communication skills, whether verbal or nonverbal. It is important for a child to learn the way that his or her parents speak so that they can also communicate in return. It has often been said that babies understand some verbal communication before birth. However, research shows that a child you don’t talk to, will, to a large extent, lose the ability to learn to speak after they reach a certain age. To expound further on the types of communication is to make a direct inquiry into the heart of every known language. Isn’t it that because of the existence of the types of communication, a French man marries an American woman? Even without words from the very beginning, he just looked her way, she looks his way, and it ended in tying the knot. No words were used here, just a look, and maybe a smile. The types of communication also enable one to distinguish the differences between a simple meeting and the big meeting. It helps the person know when to make a “Morning!” and when to say “Good morning ma’am.” In this case there are only types of communication, the formal and informal. Formal communication is done in cases where a formal tone is needed and adherence to certain formal rules or principles in communication must follow. These are seen in business meetings, business correspondence, memos, official letters, government related documents, and so on. Informal communication, on the other hand, can be used in communicating with friends, families, peers, etc. It has no standard format. All types of communication present in this world are unique and it makes everyone special and different from one another. It creates harmony and enables the expression of thoughts and emotions.
2. Communications types
2.a.Verbal communication
Scholars in this field usually use a strict sense of the term "verbal", meaning "of or concerned with words," and do not use "verbal communication" as a synonym for oral or spoken communication. Thus, vocal sounds, which are not considered to be words, such as a grunt, or singing a wordless note, are nonverbal. Sign languages and writing are generally understood as forms of verbal communication, as both make use of words — although like speech, both may contain paralinguistic elements and often occur alongside nonverbal messages. A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning — simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
2.b. Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication can occur through any sensory channel — sight, sound, smell, touch or taste. This type of communication is very important as when we speak or listen, our attention is focused on words rather than body language, but our judgement includes both. Nonverbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Such messages can be communicated through gestures, body language or posture, facial expression, eye contact, object communication such as clothing, hairstyles or even architecture, symbols and infographics. Speech may also contain nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the use of emoticons. The first scientific study of nonverbal communication was Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). He argued that all mammals show emotion reliably in their faces. Studies now range across a number of fields, including linguistics, semiotics and social psychology. Let us consider each of these components separately
2.b.l. Gesture