Simple Sentence a simple sentence consists of just one independent clause: Mary had a little lamb. Compound Sentence

82. SEMASIOLOGY: PHONETIC AND SEMANTIC ASPECTS OF WORDS
The most frequent transfers of meaning are based on associations of similarity or of contiguity. These types of transfer are known as figures of speech called metaphor and metonymy.
A metaphor is a transfer of name based on the association of similarity and thus is actually a hidden comparison. It compares one thing to another (presents a method of description which likens one thing to another by referring to it as if it were some other one).
E.g. a cunning person is referred to as a fox.
A woman may be called a peach, a lemon, a cat a goose, etc.
In a metonymy, this referring to one thing as if it were some other one is based on association of contiguity.
E.g. in a literary work an author can name his personages according to the things they are wearing: Red Muffler, Grey Shawl, etc.
Speaking about linguistic metaphor and metonymy, one should remember that they are different from metaphor and metonymy as literary devices. When we speak about them as such, both the author and the reader are aware that this reference is figurative, that the object has another name. The relationship of the direct denotative meaning of the word and the meaning it has in the literary context is based on similarity of some features in the objects compared.
If it is a linguistic metaphor, especially if it is dead as a result of long usage, the thing named often has no other name. In a dead metaphor the comparison is completely forgotten.
E.g. a sun beam, a beam of light are not compared to a tree, although the word is actually derived from O.E. beam, “tree”—the metaphor is dead.
Metaphors may be based upon very different types of similarity, for instance, similarity of shape: head of a cabbage, the teeth of a saw.
This similarity of shape may be supported by a similarity of function, the transferred meaning is easily recognized from the context.
E.g. …the Head said a lot, mainly about the College, and what it was like being head of it…
The similarity may be supported also by position: foot of a page, a mountain.
E.g. the leg of the table—the metaphor is motivated by the similarity of the lower part of the table and the human limbs in position and partly in shape and function.
Numerous cases of metaphoric transfer are based upon the analogy between duration of time and space.
E.g. long distance :: long speech, a short path :: a short time.
There is a subgroup of metaphors which comprises transitions of proper names into common ones: an Adonis, a Don Juan, etc.