Static Electricity 2000 Edition

9.1.7.5 Summary.
At the present time, the manufacture and
use of FIBCs is in a development stage and many variants and
combinations of fabric are being introduced. It is, therefore,
not possible to make recommendations for the safe use of all
the types being used in areas where an ignitible atmosphere
might be present. In particular, at this time, sufficient data are
not available for FIBCs constructed of layers of various con-
ductive and nonconductive fabrics.
9.1.8 Container Linings.
9.1.8.1
Both conductive and nonconductive liners are used in
containers. Conductive liners (e.g., carbon-filled polyethylene)
have been used inside nonconductive containers in order to pro-
vide a means for grounding. In instances where product contam-
ination is a concern, nonconductive (e.g., polyethylene) liners
have been used in both conductive (e.g., metal) and noncon-
ductive (e.g., polypropylene) containers. And, in instances
where very fine powders can leak through the weave of the cloth,
nonconductive (e.g., polyethylene) liners have been used.
9.1.8.2
Extreme caution should be exercised when using con-
ductive liners to ensure that they do not become ungrounded.
As in the case of conductive containers, conductive liners
should be grounded during all operations.
9.1.8.3
In the handling of materials that accumulate static
electric charges, the use of liners that have resistivities greater
than 10
11
ohms inside conductive containers could create con-
ditions where propagating brush discharges or capacitor-like
discharges can occur. Because the conditions under which
these discharges can occur are many and varied, no general
recommendations can be given at this time.
9.1.8.4
Where using nonconductive liners in nonconductive
containers, the precautions required are the same as for non-
conductive containers alone, as given in 9.1.7 and 9.1.8.3.
9.1.8.5
Liners should never be removed from containers
(e.g., to shake out a residue) where easily ignitible atmo-
spheres (i.e., MIE less than 30 mJ) are present (e.g., gases,
flammable vapors, sensitive dusts, and hybrid mixtures).