Structural-semantic peculiarities of conditional sentences in english and uzbek

e.g. Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks if the operation ends succesfully.
When I was young I was able to climb any tree in the forest if I didn’t have my parents around me.
‘Could’ can be used with a present meaning when there is an idea of condition.
e.g. Could you run the business by yourself if this was necessary?
Could he get another job if he left this one? – Agarda bu ishni tashlab ketsa, boshqasini topa oladimi?
In these examples ‘could’ is replaceable by would be able.
Could you?
It is a very good way of introducing a request. It is an alternative to would you? and a little more polite.
e. g. Сould you show us the way to Amur Temur Museum if possible?
Could you please send me an application form if you can?
e.g. Householder. Could you come round and mend a leak in my hot water
tank if you have time, please?
Plumber. Would sometime next month suit you?
Householder. Couldn’t you come a little earlier if you have so much time?
Could and was/were able to are used for past ability.
e.g. When my grandmother was young she could/was able to ride horses if she really wanted to do so.
Was/were able to is used for ability + a particular action.
e.g. The boat capsized quite near the bank so the children were able to swim to safety, (they could and did swim)
This rule, however, is relaxed in the negative and with verbs of the senses.
e.g. He read the message but he couldn't/wasn’t able to understand it even if he tried to do his best.
I could/was able to see him through the window.- Men uni derazadan ko’rishga muvaffaq bo’ldim.
The modal verb ‘may’ has two tense forms of the indicative mood: may for the present tense and might for the past tense. The expressions to be allowed and to be permitted, which have the same meaning, can be used to supply the missing forms of the verb. The verb ‘may’ has the following meanings:
I. The primary meaning
П. The imperative meaning
Ш. The suppositional meaning
I. Asking for or giving permission
e.g. He may come here with a friend if they promise to be well-behaved.
П. Prohibition, reproach.
e.g. Children may not play in the street even if they beg to do so. It is dangerous. – Bolalar yolvorib so’rashsa ham ko’chada o’ynashi mumkin emas.
If the action refers to the present or future there we use indefinite infinitive, and if the action refers to the past then we use perfect infinitive with the modal verb might in the meaning of reproach.
e.g. 1. You might come to see us tonight instead of going to the cinema if you have a desire.
2. Students might have written when teacher spoke to them if they had been attentive.
Note: In negative replies to the questions with may we use:
Mustn’t in the meaning of ‘prohibition’; needn’t in the meaning of ‘not necessary’; can’t in the meaning of ‘impossible’; I’m afraid not is a polite reject.
III. Probability or possibility
May and might express possibility or probability.
e.g. Let’s leave the key under the mat if leave earlier. She may come when we are out.
Someone may have seen her leaving the building if the security cameras were working.
They may be living in the country if their parents agreed.
The modal verb ‘must’ has only one form and is used for all persons in the present and future tenses. Must has no infinitive and no past tense. It is followed by the infinitive without to. The expressions to have to, to be to and to be obliged to which have the same meaning, can be used to supply the missing tense forms of the verb must.
The modal verb ‘must’ has the following meanings:
I. The primary meaning
П. The imperative meaning
Ш. The suppositional meaning
I. Necessity.
e.g. She must work from morning till night to earn her living if she wants a good life. – Agarda u yaxshi hayotga ega bo’lishni istasa, erta-yu kech ter to’kishi lozim.
We use the expression to have to meaning complete obligation.