Sustainability Efficiency in Architecture

Response to climate Change
Initial and major way for architects to respond to climate change is sustainable architecture. Constructing and inventing smart buildings to be equipped with atmosphere innovations. 
In many ways, climate change has already transformed architecture, charging and intensifying its expanded field to focus and qualify certain directions, while opening up further territory for critical engagement and for new modes of practice. (HMC Architects, 2017)
When it comes to climate change, building construction is a major culprit. According to the 2019 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction coordinated by the United Nations Environment Programme, the building and construction sector accounted for 36 percent of final energy use and 39 percent of energy and process-related CO2 emissions in 2018. After leveling off between 2013 and 2016, in 2018 global emissions from buildings increased for the second year in a row. In order to meet the benchmarks set by the Paris Agreement and the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Developments Goals, the report noted that the energy efficiency of buildings must be improved by 3 percent each year, a standard that will require significant and widespread effort to reach. (AD,2022)


Solar Panels
Technology has taken it outside the box, making it economically friendly to our planet. Solar Panels have been invented to reduce waste of energies. The sun is an unlimited resource that can be used to generate power throughout the world. Green buildings take full advantage of this by utilizing solar panels and renewable power whenever possible. Passive solar relies on daylight and the building's orientation to provide heat and light without any other technology. (Soft Agency, 2021) 
The objective of this section is to present how solar panels can be included in the Town Energy Balance (TEB, Masson, 2000) scheme, in terms of both energy production and interactions with the roofs below (shading, modification of the roof energy balance, etc.). The solar panels themselves can be either photovoltaic panels or thermal panels that heat water.